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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015 May;34(5):463–468. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000608

Table 3.

Calculated sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for individual signs and symptoms significantly associated with isolation of group A streptococcus (GAS) in multivariate logistic regression, when considered alone or in combination.

Clinical Finding Sensitivity Specificity Positive
predictive
value
Negative
predictive
value
Treatment
ratio
Individual signs
Tender cervical lymph nodes (LN) 89.8 28.2 30.0 88.9 3.0
Tonsillar hypertrophy 74.4 41.7 30.4 82.6 2.8
Uvular erythema 35.4 72.3 30.5 76.6 3.3
Tonsillar exudate 33.9 86.9 47.1 79.3 3.2
Chills 28.7 86.9 27.9 75.3 3.6
Cough 39.4 51.1 21.7 71.1 2.6
Malaise 37.4 58.3 23.5 73.1 2.3
Hoarseness 22.9 71.4 21.5 73.0 2.6
Combinations of signs
Either tender cervical LN or tonsillar exudate 92.9 26.8 30.3 91.6 2.3
≥1 of 3 findings* 95.5 17.2 28.3 91.8 2.5
≥1 of 5 findings** 96.4 10.8 27.0 89.8 2.7
≥2 of 5 findings** 84.0 35.7 30.9 86.7 2.2
Either tender cervical LN or tonsillar exudate, and either cough, hoarseness, or malaise 65.3 56.4 33.9 82.6 2.5
≥ 1 of 3 findings* and ≤ 2 of: cough, hoarseness, malaise 67.5 48.1 30.8 81.2 2.4
≥ 1 of 3 findings* and no cough 88.2 28.0 29.6 87.4 2.0
≥ 1 of 3 findings* and no hoarseness 58.4 59.1 32.8 80.5 2.3
≥ 1 of 3 findings* and no malaise 73.1 42.3 30.3 82.1 2.3
*

3 findings denotes: tender cervical LN, tonsillar exudate, or tonsillar hypertrophy

**

5 findings denotes: tender cervical LN, tonsillar exudate, tonsillar hypertrophy, chills, or uvular erythema

Based on the presence of the clinical finding, the number of GAS-negative episodes that would be treated for every GAS-positive episode treated