Table 3.

Behavioral, Structural, and Neurochemical Phenotypes of Prenatal and Neonatal Immune Challenge Models

Prenatal/Neonatal Immune Challenge Models	Structural and Neurochemical Phenotype	Behavioral Phenotype	References
Human Influenza Virus	Dysregulation of genes involved in cell structure and function; significant brain atrophy	Impaired PPI; deficits in exploratory behavior in both open field and novel object test; impaired social interaction	61, 62, 63, 64
Borna Disease Virus	Impaired hippocampal synaptogenesis; increased cortical and cerebellum levels of NE and 5-HT; loss of Purkinje cells in cerebellum	Impaired social behaviors; increased locomotor activity; impaired habituation and PPI (rat strain dependent)	65, 66, 67, 68, 69
LPS	Age-specific changes in accumbal DA levels and striatal DOPAC; dendritic changes in mPFC and hippocampus	Disrupted PPI; increased amphetamine-induced locomotor activity; deficits in social interaction	70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76
Poly I:C	DA-related pharmacological abnormalities; increase in GABAA receptor subunit α2 in ventral dentate gyrus and basolateral amygdala	Learning deficits in Morris water maze; postpubertal latent inhibition and PPI deficits; impaired object recognition; impaired social behavior	77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82