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. 2015 Apr 17;9:46. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00046

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Copyright © 2015 Ferran, Puelles and Rubenstein.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schemata representing the updated prosomeric model of the forebrain (excepting diencephalic p1), in which the general position, morphological organization and principal nuclear and genoarchitectonic subdivisions of the hypothalamus are detailed. (A) Schema showing the two rostral diencephalic prosomeres (p2 and p3) and the hypothalamo-telencephalic prosomeres 1 and 2 (hp1 and hp2). Note hp1 contains the peduncular hypothalamic region (PHy), whereas hp2 includes the terminal hypothalamic region (THy) and the rostralmost, median acroterminal domain (ATHy). (B) Schema of the main hypothalamic progenitor areas distributed across the dorsoventral and anteroposterior dimensions. The longitudinal alar/basal boundary (ABb) is indicated as a thick dark line. The hypothalamic area is subdivided rostrocaudally into neuromeric THy and PHy parts (pink and green, respectively). Alar territories (AP) are shown on the left, and basal ones on the right. The alar hypothalamus is subdivided dorsoventrally into paraventricular (TPa/PPa) and subparaventricular (TSPa, PsPa) areas, plus the corresponding acroterminal domains. The paraventricular area shows a general tripartition into dorsal, central and ventral subdivisions (DPa, CPa, VPa). The basal hypothalamus is also subdivided dorsoventrally into the large tuberal/retrotuberal (Tu/RTu) area and the primary mamillary/retromamillary (M/RM) area, plus the corresponding acroterminal regions. The THy/PHy parts of the hypothalamic floor lie underneath (FP). Moreover, the Tu/RTu region is subdivided into three dorsoventral parts: TuD/RTuD, TuI/RTuI, and TuV/RTuV, and the primary M/RM area is subdivided into perimamillary/periretromamillary area (PM/PRM) and the secondary M/RM area. Some well-known nuclear elements of the hypothalamus are represented within their respective topography relative to the molecular domains; note some of these positions are postmigratory (see the list for abbreviations).