Table 3 . Dynamic surface tension characteristics in urine of healthy volunteers^a .

Sex	Age	Surface tension parameters b
		γ 1 (mNm -1 )	γ 2 (mNm -1 )	γ 3 (mNm -1 )
Males	>20	72-73	69-63	61-63
	20-35	70-72	68-70	59-62
	36-50	70-72	68-70	57-60
	≤50	70-73	67-71	56-61
Females	>20	72-73	69-71	65-68
	20-35	70-72	68-70	64-66
	36-50	70-72	68-70	61-65
	≤50	70-73	67-71	60-65

^a Data adapted to reference 6.

^b γ₁ surface tension for t=0.01 s; γ₂ surface tension for t=1 s; γ₃ surface tension t→∞.