Table S7.

Results of linear mixed-effects models to identify which variables during follow-up were predictive of the annual change in SGRQ impact scores at 5 years

Variable (group)	n	Unadjusted models		Adjusted models
		Estimate (95% CI)	P-value	Estimate (95% CI)	P-value
FEV1 annual decline
Sustainers	65	(Reference)		(Reference)
Slow decliners	131	1.35 (0.44, 2.25)	0.004	1.36 (0.46, 2.27)	0.003
Rapid decliners	65	1.98 (0.97, 2.98)	<0.001	1.91 (0.91, 2.93)	<0.001
DLco annual change
<25th percentile	65	(Reference)		(Reference)
25–75th percentile	131	0.77 (−0.15, 1.70)	0.100	0.69 (−0.21, 1.60)	0.133
>75th percentile	65	0.99 (−0.05, 2.04)	0.062	0.64 (−0.41, 1.68)	0.232
Smoking status
Former smoker	203	(Reference)		(Reference)
Continuous/intermittent smoker	58	0.24 (−0.22, 0.71)	0.304	0.27 (−0.18, 0.73)	0.234
Annual change in BMI
<25th percentile	65	(Reference)		(Reference)
25–75th percentile	131	0.57 (−0.38, 1.52)	0.239	0.24 (−0.68, 1.15)	0.613
>75th percentile	65	0.50 (−0.58, 1.57)	0.362	0.37 (−0.68, 1.42)	0.490
Exacerbation	(Admission definition, in 5 years)
Negative	232	(Reference)		(Reference)
Positive	29	0.75 (0.14, 1.36)	0.016	0.93 (0.32, 1.54)	0.003
Use of anticholinergics
Not use	126	(Reference)		(Reference)
Use	135	0.16 (−0.22, 0.54)	0.402	−0.02 (−0.40, 0.37)	0.934
Use of beta agonists
Not use	169	(Reference)		(Reference)
Use	92	0.22 (−0.18, 0.62)	0.274	0.21 (−0.20, 0.62)	0.313

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DLco, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; SGRQ, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.