Table 2.

Positive predictive values of the potential algorithms to identify presence of distant metastases

Sampling algorithm	Total	Presence confirmed by medical record
		Bone metastases		Nonbone metastases		Any metastases
		n	PPV (95% CI)	n	PPV (95% CI)	n	PPV (95% CI)
		30 days before or after the index date
PSA >50 μg/L in the absence of ART or bone scintigraphy	37	1	0.03 (0.0007–0.14)	0	–	1	0.03 (0.0007–0.14)
PSA >50 μg/L and bone scintigraphy without ART	32	1	0.03 (0.0008–0.16)	3	0.09 (0.02–0.25)	4	0.12 (0.04–0.29)
PSA >50 μg/l and ART	4	0	–	0	–	0	–
PSA ≤50 μg/L and ART or bone scintigraphy	40	2	0.05 (0.006–0.17)	2	0.05 (0.006–0.17)	4	0.10 (0.03–0.24)
		180 days before or after the index date
PSA >50 μg/L in the absence of ART or bone scintigraphy	37	4	0.11 (0.03–0.25)	2	0.05 (0.01–0.18)	6	0.16 (0.06–0.32)
PSA >50 μg/L and bone scintigraphy without ART	32	3	0.09 (0.02–0.25)	6	0.19 (0.07–0.36)	9	0.28 (0.14–0.47)
PSA >50 μg/L and ART	4	0	–	0	–	0	–
PSA ≤50 μg/L and ART or bone scintigraphy	40	2	0.05 (0.01–0.17)	4	0.10 (0.03–0.24)	6	0.15 (0.06–0.30)

Abbreviations: ART, antiresorptive therapy; CI, confidence interval; PPV, positive predictive value; PSA, prostate-specific antigen.