Table 1. Identification and analysis of differentially expressed proteins in leaves of Eichhornia crassipes treated by Cd stress for different times.
| Spot | Protein name | Acc. No. a | Theo. Mw/pI b | Exp. Mw/pI c | SC d | Score | Organism | Ratio e | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2d/0d | 3d/0d | 5d/0d | ||||||||
| Photosynthesis | ||||||||||
| 6 | putative rubisco subunit binding-protein alpha subunit precursor (60 kDa chaperonin alpha subunit) | gi|31193919 | 61.36/5.36 | 68.71/5.05 | 29.11 | 118 | Oryza sativa Japonica Group | 0.87 | 0.72 | 0.54 |
| 7 | predicted ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase 1, chloroplastic-like | gi|359481752 | 52.19/5.69 | 57.14/5.11 | 14.77 | 394 | Vitis vinifera | 0.75 | 0.48 | 0.45 |
| 12 | ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase 1 | gi|12620881 | 48.19/5.54 | 38.71/5.30 | 19.63 | 334 | Gossypium hirsutum | 0.75 | 0.64 | 0.49 |
| 14 | RuBisCO activase | gi|445628 | 42.95/5.50 | 40.17/5.43 | 12.79 | 115 | Nicotiana tabacum | 0.70 | 0.59 | 0.52 |
| 24 | fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, chloroplast precursor, putative, expressed | gi|108864048 | 41.81/6.07 | 39.74/6.34 | 24.22 | 370 | Oryza sativa Japonica Group | 0.60 | 0.56 | 0.42 |
| 26 | chloroplast stem-loop binding protein-41 | gi|15229384 | 44.07/8.54 | 38.46/6.54 | 14.25 | 141 | Arabidopsis thaliana | 0.90 | 0.66 | 0.52 |
| 34 | chloroplast photosynthetic water oxidation complex 33kDa subunit precursor | gi|152143640 | 28.48/5.48 | 41.99/5.12 | 22.64 | 159 | Morus nigra | 0.44 | 0.34 | 0.28 |
| 35 | OEE1 | gi|302595735 | 34.49/5.40 | 39.98/5.19 | 30.86 | 435 | Helianthus annuus | 0.92 | 0.72 | 0.48 |
| 45 | predicted carbonic anhydrase, chloroplastic-like | gi|357130587 | 51.29/8.90 | 34.35/5.67 | 21.57 | 57 | Brachypodium distachyon | 0.82 | 0.66 | 0.55 |
| 52 | thylakoid luminal 19 kDa protein | gi|357457687 | 26.38/5.82 | 27.09/5.27 | 16.94 | 96 | Medicago truncatula | 1.17 | 1.55 | 1.03 |
| 59 | ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase | gi|119720808 | 18.71/8.23 | 17.89/6.84 | 37.65 | 99 | Brassica rapa | 1.47 | 1.72 | 2.56 |
| Growth and development | ||||||||||
| 5 | maturase K | gi|197257987 | 57.74/9.86 | 78.01/6.02 | 17.55 | 40 | Siphocodon spartioides | 1.12 | 1.39 | 1.66 |
| 15 | actin | gi|218533930 | 41.88/5.31 | 42.44/5.55 | 55.97 | 801 | Caragana korshinskii | 2.22 | 1.25 | 1.69 |
| 18 | old-yellow-enzyme homolog | gi|2232254 | 42.13/5.90 | 41.23/5.94 | 11.08 | 132 | Catharanthus roseus | 1.70 | 2.30 | 3.11 |
| Metabolism processes | ||||||||||
| Biosynthesis and degradation | ||||||||||
| 16 | glutamine synthetase | gi|15238559 | 47.78/6.43 | 41.86/5.72 | 15.35 | 191 | Arabidopsis thaliana | 1.10 | 1.53 | 2.04 |
| 22 | beta-cyanoalanine synthase | gi|30840956 | 38.26/6.38 | 40.62/6.13 | 6.53 | 75 | Betula pendula | 1.14 | 0.88 | 0.66 |
| 23 | malate dehydrogenase | gi|320449084 | 35.79/5.76 | 39.95/6.30 | 25.9 | 176 | Zea mays | 1.06 | 0.95 | 0.64 |
| 27 | predicted aminomethyl transferase, mitochondrial-like | gi|356555678 | 44.72/8.77 | 43.51/6.97 | 28.01 | 85 | Glycine max | 0.97 | 0.76 | 0.53 |
| 37 | xyloglucantransglusylase/hydrolase 1 | gi|304273280 | 32.13/6.06 | 39.46/5.53 | 3.93 | 69 | Gladiolus grandiflorus | 0.88 | 0.77 | 0.62 |
| 44 | cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase | gi|310768740 | 27.26/5.04 | 34.51/5.21 | 13.04 | 67 | Pteris vittata | 1.31 | 1.82 | 2.32 |
| 47 | triosephosphate isomerase, cytosolic | gi|226495391 | 27.24/5.52 | 35.11/6.24 | 29.25 | 87 | Zea mays | 1.17 | 1.27 | 1.70 |
| 58 | granule-bound starch synthase precursor | gi|4588607 | 63.39/7.86 | 15.78/5.80 | 51.68 | 772 | Triticum aestivum | 1.28 | 0.77 | 0.52 |
| Energy related | ||||||||||
| 11 | AMP deaminase family protein | gi|566209963 | 90.88/6.30 | 40.03/5.11 | 10.36 | 51 | Populus trichocarpa | 0.61 | 0.79 | 0.81 |
| 40 | ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit | gi|148787961 | 48.36/6.34 | 40.02/6.62 | 45.6 | 685 | Eichhornia crassipes | 2.33 | 2.70 | 2.88 |
| 41 | predicted probable ATP synthase 24 kDa subunit, mitochondrial | gi|225438529 | 27.67/9.26 | 36.26/6.05 | 17.01 | 90 | Vitis vinifera | 2.05 | 2.60 | 3.27 |
| 56 | ATP synthase CF1 epsilon subunit (chloroplast) | gi|374257035 | 14.69/4.95 | 20.26/5.03 | 53.73 | 466 | Japonolirion osense | 1.17 | 1.28 | 1.71 |
| Oxidation-reduction process | ||||||||||
| 1 | glycine dehydrogenase, putative | gi|255550796 | 115.78/6.57 | 108.69/6.37 | 8.8 | 126 | Ricinus communis | 1.74 | 2.29 | 3.04 |
| 8 | glycine dehydrogenase, putative | gi|255580957 | 42.88/6.05 | 45.19/6.23 | 36.97 | 611 | Ricinus communis | 1.28 | 1.77 | 2.19 |
| 19 | plastidic aldolase | gi|164470331 | 43.16/6.38 | 38.24/5.43 | 35.52 | 229 | Solanum tuberosum | 2.16 | 3.80 | 4.30 |
| 20 | plastidic aldolase family protein | gi|224094919 | 42.72/6.85 | 38.56/5.72 | 37.37 | 67 | Populus trichocarpa | 1.50 | 1.99 | 2.44 |
| 25 | predicted glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A, chloroplastic-like | gi|357163943 | 43.11/7.01 | 41.09/6.55 | 8.44 | 100 | Brachypodium distachyon | 1.25 | 0.61 | 0.43 |
| 28 | isoflavone reductase-like protein | gi|373939378 | 33.29/5.74 | 35.81/6.10 | 4.25 | 88 | Daucus carota | 1.73 | 2.78 | 3.06 |
| 29 | phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase | gi|3114899 | 33.99/5.66 | 35.62/5.99 | 14.94 | 86 | Populus trichocarpa | 2.77 | 3.43 | 3.91 |
| 30 | pterocarpan reductase | gi|116077986 | 33.97/5.94 | 45.60/5.82 | 6.13 | 89 | Lotus japonicus | 1.36 | 2.93 | 3.20 |
| 36 | oxidoreductase, aldo/keto reductase family protein, expressed isoform 1 | gi|590718087 | 39.48/7.56 | 39.74/5.33 | 27.24 | 52 | Theobroma cacao | 1.16 | 0.57 | 0.76 |
| 46 | peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase | gi|357494493 | 22.92/5.84 | 32.97/5.82 | 17.82 | 95 | Medicago truncatula | 1.77 | 1.88 | 1.57 |
| Defense response | ||||||||||
| 2 | chloroplast heat shock protein 70–1 | gi|15233779 | 76.58/5.07 | 76.57/4.93 | 14.35 | 281 | Arabidopsis thaliana | 1.55 | 2.05 | 2.34 |
| 3 | heat shock protein, putative | gi|255570990 | 75.43/5.35 | 76.45/4.97 | 15.79 | 612 | Ricinus communis | 1.64 | 2.10 | 2.67 |
| 4 | 70 kDa heat shock cognate protein 2 | gi|45331283 | 71.58/5.14 | 76.65/5.34 | 34.41 | 622 | Vigna radiata | 2.03 | 2.20 | 2.04 |
| 33 | 14-3-3 family protein | gi|55375985 | 29.79/4.75 | 40.02/4.75 | 29.77 | 167 | Malus x domestica | 1.02 | 1.61 | 2.48 |
| 42 | 2-oxoglutarate-iron(II) dependent oxygenase | gi|302815609 | 36.85/5.77 | 35.96/5.93 | 17.43 | 39 | Selaginella moellendorffii | 1.17 | 1.52 | 2.19 |
| Antioxidant enzymes | ||||||||||
| 43 | cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase | gi|153799884 | 27.95/5.16 | 35.19/5.67 | 22.71 | 189 | Dimocarpus longan | 1.13 | 1.86 | 2.37 |
| 51 | 2-cys-peroxiredoxin | gi|327422155 | 22.21/4.92 | 30.89/4.59 | 18.59 | 303 | Vigna unguiculata | 1.23 | 1.51 | 1.75 |
| 55 | chloroplast copper/zinc superoxide dismutase | gi|304651504 | 20.38/5.31 | 20.15/5.38 | 13.93 | 191 | Hordeum vulgare | 2.07 | 2.44 | 2.76 |
| Ion transport and regulation | ||||||||||
| 21 | cation efflux family protein isoform 2 | gi|590613599 | 45.81/5.76 | 39.07/5.88 | 33.25 | 41 | Theobroma cacao | 1.07 | 1.28 | 1.42 |
| 48 | calcineurin B-like protein | gi|357437489 | 28.33/4.68 | 31.18/5.46 | 6.25 | 46 | Medicago truncatula | 1.46 | 1.68 | 1.81 |
| Transcription and translation | ||||||||||
| 9 | elongation factor tu, putative | gi|255567660 | 49.29/6.62 | 43.25/6.46 | 23.83 | 120 | Ricinus communis | 1.69 | 1.42 | 1.15 |
| 10 | peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, putative | gi|255552604 | 51.55/4.97 | 39.73/4.78 | 17.63 | 71 | Ricinus communis | 1.12 | 1.91 | 2.79 |
| 17 | chloroplast translational elongation factor Tu | gi|6525065 | 50.55/6.05 | 42.76/5.84 | 27.62 | 370 | Oryza sativa Japonica Group | 1.47 | 1.66 | 1.85 |
| 31 | nucleic acid binding protein1 | gi|162463757 | 33.15/4.60 | 40.55/4.33 | 21.77 | 170 | Zea mays | 0.84 | 0.74 | 0.66 |
| 32 | putative elongation factor | gi|90704791 | 24.69/4.56 | 41.07/4.65 | 10.62 | 112 | Cryptomeria japonica | 1.34 | 1.76 | 1.89 |
| 39 | DNA-binding storekeeper protein-related transcriptional regulator | gi|18411272 | 34.04/5.84 | 36.23/5.85 | 18.45 | 42 | Arabidopsis thaliana | 1.21 | 1.45 | 1.66 |
| 54 | small ribosomal protein subunit 4 | gi|67035885 | 21.91/9.91 | 23.29/6.21 | 21.52 | 61 | Pterogonidium pulchellum | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.51 |
| Protein post-translational modification | ||||||||||
| 38 | predicted phosphoglycolate phosphatase-like | gi|357164381 | 39.01/5.76 | 40.94/5.66 | 14.21 | 107 | Brachypodium distachyon | 1.47 | 1.99 | 2.23 |
| 49 | predicted methyltransferase-like protein 23-like isoform X1 | gi|568825272 | 27.17/5.06 | 31.59/5.02 | 6.87 | 41 | Citrus sinensis | 1.10 | 1.50 | 1.31 |
| 57 | ubiquitin-like superfamily protein | gi|145360542 | 27.71/6.33 | 22.99/4.74 | 23.67 | 46 | Arabidopsis thaliana | 1.14 | 1.30 | 1.56 |
| Others | ||||||||||
| 13 | ALA-interacting subunit 5 | gi|42572169 | 32.05/9.28 | 35.54/5.32 | 22.26 | 49 | Arabidopsis thaliana | 1.34 | 1.65 | 1.98 |
| 50 | zinc knuckle family protein | gi|357498441 | 41.47/8.56 | 30.54/4.68 | 48.5 | 43 | Medicago truncatula | 1.12 | 1.29 | 1.57 |
| 53 | AP3-2 type 1 | gi|27990434 | 22.45/8.98 | 26.09/6.48 | 27.98 | 58 | Berberis gilgiana | 1.22 | 1.83 | 1.38 |
aAcc. No., database accession numbers according to NCBInr;
bTheo. Mw/pI, theoretical Mw/pI;
cExp. Mw/pI, experimental Mw/pI;
dSC, sequence coverage;
eRatio, different protein spot intensity ratios of samples after 2 d, 3 d and 5 d exposure relative to the control (0d).