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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 16.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2015 Jan 26;520(7547):383–387. doi: 10.1038/nature14100

Figure 2. Biosynthesis of nocardicin A.

Figure 2

a, The nocardicin NRPS contains five modules, encoded by nocA and nocB, which together activate and condense in order L-pHPG, L-Arg, D-pHPG, L-Ser and L-pHPG. The TE domain catalyses C-terminal pHPG epimerisation and hydrolysis yielding pro-nocardicin G. b, Whole-cell experiments showed nocardicin A is derived from 2 units of L-pHPG, L-Ser and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), and from nocardicin G. c, Previous experiments with excised TE demonstrate that tri- and pentapeptide thioesters containing a preformed β-lactam ring are converted to nocardicin G (R = H) and pro-nocardicin G (R = L-pHPG–L-Arg), respectively.