Table 2.

Average (SD) signed Zernike coefficients (in μm) for the three age groups. The p-value tests any significant difference between the age groups using one-way ANOVA. Pairwise comparison is tested with the Student–Newman–Keuls (a significant difference between Groups I and II, I and III and II and III, is indicated by *, ** and ***, respectively).

Coefficient	Group I (n = 152)	Group II (n = 178)	Group III (n = 227)	p-Value
$c_2^{-2}$	−0.084 (0.254)	−0.032 (0.203)	0.026 (0.214)	<0.001*,**,***
$c_2^0$	1.393 (1.442)	1.356 (1.275)	1.451 (1.733)	0.82
$c_2^2$	−0.143 (0.467)	−0.114 (0.380)	−0.079 (0.336)	0.28
$c_3^{-3}$	−0.045 (0.070)	−0.056 (0.072)	−0.058 (0.069)	0.19
$c_3^{-1}$	0.082 (0.126)	0.099 (0.109)	0.064 (0.098)	0.006***
$c_3^1$	0.014 (0.060)	0.007 (0.058)	0.030 (0.065)	0.001**,***
$c_3^3$	−0.011 (0.059)	0.003 (0.059)	−0.004 (0.061)	0.09
$c_4^{-4}$	0.008 (0.034)	0.011 (0.019)	0.012 (0.017)	0.36
$c_4^{-2}$	−0.005 (0.022)	−0.005 (0.017)	−0.007 (0.014)	0.62
$c_4^0$	0.007 (0.065)	0.011 (0.054)	0.030 (0.063)	<0.001**,***
$c_4^2$	0.003 (0.043)	−0.004 (0.021)	−0.014 (0.026)	<0.001*,**,***
$c_4^4$	0.011 (0.026)	0.018 (0.034)	0.016 (0.022)	0.02*