Table 1.
Prevalence of anaemia among lactating mothers by background characteristics in Ethiopia using pooled data from the EDHS 2005 and 2011
| 2005 |
2011 |
2005–2011 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Background characteristic | Total lactating women† | Prevalence of anaemia (95% CI) | Total lactating women† | Prevalence of anaemia (95% CI) | Total lactating women† | Prevalence of anaemia (95% CI) |
| Region | ||||||
| Tigray | 142 | 35.4 (27.69 to 43.33) | 281 | 13.4 (9.89 to 17.90) | 422 | 20.8 (17.18 to 24.93) |
| Afar | 22 | 46.2 (25.88 to 66.16) | 38 | 42.4 (27.27 to 58.10) | 59 | 43.8 (31.83 to 56.87) |
| Amhara | 591 | 32.2 (28.47 to 36.00) | 1352 | 18.9 (16.91 to 21.09) | 1943 | 22.9 (21.12 to 24.86) |
| Oromia | 826 | 28.5 (25.45 to 31.60) | 2041 | 20.1 (18.39 to 21.87) | 2867 | 22.5 (21.00 to 24.05) |
| Somali | 60 | 49.2 (37.50 to 62.50) | 92 | 48.3 (37.76 to 58.02) | 152 | 48.7 (40.80 to 56.62) |
| Benshangul-gumz | 24 | 26.8 (10.81 to 44.92) | 59 | 20.5 (11.51 to 32.02) | 83 | 22.9 (14.81 to 32.83) |
| SNNPR | 578 | 26.2 (22.66 to 29.82) | 1059 | 13.5 (11.54 to 15.66) | 1637 | 18.0 (16.16 to 19.88) |
| Gambella | 6 | 46.5 (14.66 to 85.34) | 18 | 23.2 (7.49 to 45.31) | 25 | 28.0 (13.15 to 47.7) |
| Harari | 3 | 27.1 (1.67 to 86.80) | 10 | 23.4 (3.50 to 51.95) | 15 | 20.0 (5.35 to 45.35) |
| Addis Ababa | 27 | 14.4 (4.89 to 31.97) | 83 | 7.3 (2.98 to 14.43) | 111 | 9.0 (4.07 to 15.47) |
| Dire Dawa | 5 | 33.0 (7.35 to 81.76) | 13 | 35.8 (15.68 to 65.91) | 18 | 33.3 (14.77 to 56.9) |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 145 | 19.4 (13.49 to 26.34) | 595 | 12.4 (9.96 to 15.27) | 740 | 13.8 (11.44 to 16.41) |
| Rural | 2140 | 30.6 (28.68 to 32.59) | 4452 | 19.4 (18.27 to 20.59) | 6592 | 23.0 (21.99 to 24.03) |
| Wealth index | ||||||
| Poor | 986 | 32.2 (29.29 to 35.12) | 2306 | 21.4 (19.74 to 23.09) | 3293 | 24.6 (23.15 to 26.09) |
| Middle | 517 | 29.9 (26.15 to 34.04) | 1102 | 17.0 (14.84 to 19.27) | 1619 | 21.1 (19.19 to 23.16) |
| Rich | 782 | 27.0 (23.96 to 30.18) | 1639 | 15.6 (13.86 to 17.37) | 2420 | 19.3 (17.76 to 20.91) |
| Current occupational status | ||||||
| Not working | 1568 | 31.8 (29.55 to 34.16) | 2325 | 21.0 (19.37 to 22.68) | 3893 | 25.4 (24.06 to 26.29) |
| Working* | 712 | 25.5 (22.46 to 28.86) | 2722 | 16.4 (15.03 to 17.81) | 3434 | 18.3 (17.02 to 19.61) |
| BMI | ||||||
| <18.5 | 481 | 33.9 (29.76 to 38.21) | 1138 | 19.3 (17.12 to 21.70) | 1619 | 23.6 (21.57 to 25.71) |
| 18.5–24.99 | 1729 | 28.3 (26.20 to 30.44) | 3723 | 18.1 (16.89 to 19.37) | 5453 | 21.3 (20.22 to 22.39) |
| 25+ | 65 | 42.1 (30.05 to 53.76) | 175 | 20.4 (15.07 to 27.04) | 240 | 26.3 (20.98 to 32.09) |
| Duration of breastfeeding (years) | ||||||
| 1 | 1072 | 30.7 (27.98 to 33.50) | 2461 | 20.6 (19.04 to 22.23) | 3533 | 23.7 (22.31 to 25.11) |
| 2 | 728 | 26.6 (23.53 to 29.95) | 1490 | 15.4 (13.61 to 17.27) | 2218 | 19.1 (17.52 to 20.79) |
| 3+ | 478 | 32.5 (28.34 to 36 to 72) | 1096 | 18.2 (15.96 to 20.52) | 1575 | 22.6 (20.59 to 24.72) |
| Mother's education | ||||||
| None | 1804 | 31.8 (29.70 to 34.00) | 3486 | 19.2 (17.91 to 20.52) | 5291 | 23.5 (22.36 to 24.65) |
| Primary | 394 | 24.3 (20.32 to 28.79) | 1377 | 18.3 (16.32 to 20.41) | 1770 | 19.6 (17.80 to 21.50) |
| Secondary | 79 | 17.3 (10.46 to 27.31) | 126 | 8.3 (4.10 to 13.69) | 205 | 11.8 (7.83 to 16.67) |
| Higher | 8 | 1.1 (0.63 to 48.03) | 58 | 9.7 (4.30 to 20.28) | 66 | 8.7 (3.77 to 17.95) |
| Husband's education | ||||||
| None | 1333 | 33.9 (31.40 to 36.48) | 2531 | 20.3 (18.77 to 21.91) | 3864 | 25.0 (23.65 to 26.38) |
| Primary | 701 | 26.2 (23.09 to 29.60) | 2048 | 17.2 (15.60 to 18.87) | 2749 | 19.5 (18.05 to 21.01) |
| Secondary | 199 | 20.7 (15.41 to 26.64) | 238 | 14.3 (10.26 to 19.17) | 437 | 17.2 (13.84 to 20.92) |
| Higher | 23 | 14.8 (3.43 to 31.53) | 147 | 13.7 (8.75 to 19.88) | 170 | 13.8 (8.99 to 19.30) |
| Family planning | ||||||
| Never used | 1775 | 32.1 (29.97 to 34.31) | 2889 | 21.2 (19.72 to 22.70) | 4663 | 25.4 (24.16 to 26.66) |
| Ever used | 15 | 16.4 (2.30 to 37.52) | 2158 | 14.9 (13.46 to 16.47) | 2173 | 14.9 (13.46.16.45) |
| ANC use | ||||||
| Never | 1636 | 32.0 (29.80 to 34.32) | 2977 | 20.4 (18.97 to 21.87) | 4613 | 24.5 (23.27 to 25.75) |
| 1–3 times | 386 | 27.7 (23.43 to 32.35) | 1208 | 18.4 (16.27 to 20.64) | 1594 | 20.6 (18.65 to 22.62) |
| 4+ times | 260 | 18.9 (14.44 to 23.95) | 845 | 12.6 (10.44 to 14.91) | 1105 | 14.1 (12.16 to 16.27) |
| Iron supplementation during pregnancy | ||||||
| No | 2046 | 30.1 (28.15 to 32.12) | 4196 | 18.8 (17.64 to 20.01) | 6242 | 22.5 (21.47 to 23.54) |
| Yes | 236 | 27.1 (21.74 to 33.06) | 840 | 16.9 (14.48 to 19.55) | 1076 | 19.2 (16.97 to 21.68) |
| Parity | ||||||
| 1–4 | 1293 | 28.9 (26.50 to 31.44) | 3111 | 18.1 (16.77 to 19.48) | 4404 | 21.3 (20.11 to 22.53) |
| 5–9 | 903 | 30.5 (27.52 to 33.52) | 1739 | 19.6 (17.79 to 21.53) | 2642 | 23.3 (21.73 to 24.96) |
| 10+ | 89 | 37.1 (27.53 to 47.46) | 197 | 17.0 (12.02 to 12.46) | 287 | 23.2 (18.72 to 28.50) |
| Total | 2285 | 29.9 (28.04 to 31.79) | 5047 | 18.5 (17.45 to 19.60) | 7332 | 22.1 (21.13 to 23.03) |
*Professional/technical/managerial, clerical, sales and services, skilled manual, unskilled manual and agriculture. †The numbers are weighted. ANC, antenatal care; BMI, body mass index; EDHS, Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.