Table 4.
Cancer site-specific and pooled HRs (95% CI) from CPRD and DIN studies for all patients using β-blockers versus patients using other BPLMs only
| Cancer site | CPRD full cohort | CPRD sensitivity analysis 1: ONS mortality and deprivation |
CPRD sensitivity analysis 2: Matched CPRD and DIN samples |
DIN primary analysis | p Value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size (on β-blockers; controls) | 4030; 7272 | 2528; 4514 | 4105‡; 7197‡ | 1406; 2056 | – |
| Cancer sites | |||||
| Breast | 1.19 (1.03 to 1.37)* | 1.28 (1.07 to 1.32)*** | 1.24 (1.09 to 1.43)** | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.49) | 0.62 (0.46) |
| Colon | 0.85 (0.74 to 0.97)* | 0.9 (0.76 to 1.07) | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.0)* | 1.00 (0.77 to 1.30) | 0.28 (0.36) |
| Lung | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.19) | 0.97 (0.82 to 1.15) | 1.03 (0.88 to 1.21) | 1.12 (0.89 to 1.41) | 0.59 (0.56) |
| Oesophagus | 1.27 (1.01 to 1.59)* | 1.65 (1.22 to 2.24)*** | 1.19 (0.93 to 1.52) | 1.05 (0.69 to 1.60) | 0.44 (0.61) |
| Ovarian | 1.05 (0.74 to 1.5) | 1.5 (0.89 to 2.52) | 1.02 (0.77 to 1.33) | 1.14 (0.63 to 2.06) | 0.82 (0.74) |
| Pancreas | 0.94 (0.74 to 1.21) | 0.82 (0.6 to 1.11) | 1.04 (0.75 to 1.43) | 1.88 (1.09 to 3.25)* | 0.023* (0.069) |
| Prostate | 1.03 (0.92 to 1.15) | 1.02 (0.88 to 1.17) | 0.94 (0.82 to 1.08) | 1.54 (1.13 to 2.09)** | 0.016* (0.004)** |
| Renal | 0.46 (0.26 to 0.83)** | 0.6 (0.28 to 1.27) | 0.67 (0.41 to 1.03) | 1.14 (0.52 to 2.52) | 0.069 (0.25) |
| Stomach | 1.03 (0.78 to 1.36) | 1.34 (0.93 to 1.93) | 1.01 (0.68 to 1.48) | 1.44 (0.76 to 2.74) | 0.35 (0.35) |
| All patients using β-blockers | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.13) | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.26) | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.13) | 1.18 (1.04 to 1.33)** | 0.063 (0.063) |
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
†Wald tests of CPRD full cohort versus DIN (CPRD matched sample vs DIN).
‡Median across bootstrap samples.
BPLMs, blood pressure lowering medicines; CPRD, Clinical Practice Research Datalink; DIN, Doctors’ Independent Network; ONS, Office for National Statistics.