Table 2.
Characteristics of all studies compared to those with greater than 50 % ethnic group representation
| Category | All studies N = 108 (%) |
>50% African American N= 10 |
>50% Hispanic N= 19 |
>50% Asian N = 4 |
>50% Non-Hispanic White N=49 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number racial/ethnic groups | |||||
| More than one group | 84 (78) | 7 (70) | 7 (37) | 0 | 48 (98) |
| One group | 18 (17) | 3 (30) | 12 (63) | 4 (100) | 1(2) |
| Not documented | 6(5) | ||||
| Size of study (N) | |||||
| 1–150 | 21 (19) | 4(40) | 8 (42) | 2(50) | 5(10) |
| 151–500 | 35 (32) | 4(40) | 7 (37) | 1(25) | 14 (29) |
| 501–1,000 | 10(9) | 0 | 2(11) | 1(25) | 5(10) |
| 1,001–10,000 | 23 (21) | 2(20) | 1(5) | 0 | 12 (25) |
| >10,001 | 14 (13) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 (20) |
| No documentation | 5(5) | 1(5) | 0 | 3(6) | |
| Language used in study | |||||
| English | 61 (56) | 9(90) | 0 | 1(25) | 35 (71) |
| Bilingual | 27 (25) | 0 | 19 (100) | 2(50) | 3(6) |
| >2 languages | 6(6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1(2) |
| Not documented | 14 (13) | 1(10) | 0 | 1(25) | 10 (20) |
| Location of study in the U.S. | |||||
| North East | 10(9) | 2(20) | 1(5) | 2(50) | 3(6) |
| Midwest | 13 (12) | 2(11) | 9(18) | ||
| South | 11 (10) | 4(40) | 2(11) | 4(8) | |
| West | 31 (29) | 13 (68) | 1(25) | 11 (22) | |
| National | 39 (36) | 3 (30) | 1(5) | 1(25) | 21 (43) |
| No documentation | 4(4) | 1(10) | 1(2) | ||
| Type of study design | |||||
| Primary data collection | 75 (69) | 8 (80) | 17 (89) | 3(75) | 31 (63) |
| Secondary database analysis | 32 (30) | 2(20) | 2(11) | 1(25) | 18 (37) |
| Not specified | 1(1) | ||||
| Type of publication | |||||
| Biomedical Medicine Journal | 42 (39) | 6(60) | 7 (37) | 1(25) | 22 (46) |
| CAM journal | 27 (25) | 1(10) | 4(21) | 2(50) | 10 (20) |
| Pharmacy journal | 14 (13) | 3(16) | 7(14) | ||
| Nursing journal | 7(6) | 2(20) | 3(16) | 2(4) | |
| Other* | 18 (17) | 1(10) | 2(10) | 1(25) | 8(16) |
| Definition of herb | |||||
| Herbal supplement | 32 (30) | 2(20) | 6(31) | 17 (35) | |
| Herbal medicine | 13 (12) | 3(16) | 1(25) | 4(8) | |
| Herbal remedy | 11 (10) | 3(16) | 1(25) | 5(10) | |
| Medicinal plant | 16 (15) | 2(20) | 2(11) | 8(16) | |
| Dietary supplement | 6(6) | 1(10) | 1(25) | 3(6) | |
| Biologically based product | 11 (10) | 1(10) | 6(12) | ||
| Not specified | 5(5) | 4(8) | |||
| Other** | 14 (13) | 4(40) | 5(26) | 1(25) | 2(4) |
| Documented Disclosure Rates | |||||
| 0–30 % | 10 (37) | 4(21) | 1(25) | 4(8) | |
| 31–40 % | 7(26) | 1(10) | 4(8) | ||
| >41 % | 10 (37) | 1(5) | 7(14) | ||
| Not documented | 81 | 9(90) | 14 (74) | 3(75) | 34 (69) |
| Health conditions | |||||
| Healthy/general health | 65 (60) | 5 (50) | 10 (53) | 4 (100) | 30 (61) |
| HIV | 7(6) | 4(40) | 2(11) | ||
| Diabetes | 7(6) | 5(26) | |||
| Cancer | 10(9) | 1(10) | 7(14) | ||
| Other*** | 19 (18) | 2(11) | 12 (25) | ||
| Reasons of herb use | |||||
| Overall Health Promotion | 17 (16) | 5 (50) | 3(16) | 10 (20) | |
| Treatment for an ailment | 54 (50) | 4(40) | 13 (68) | 3(75) | 20 (41) |
| Other**** | 12(11) | 1(25) | 7(14) | ||
| Not specified | 25 (23) | 1(10) | 3(16) | 12 (24) | |
| Education reported | |||||
| Yes | 95 (88) | 9(90) | 18 (95) | 4 (100) | 45 (92) |
| No | 13 (12) | 1(10) | 1(5) | 4(8) | |
| Income reported | |||||
| Yes | 69 (64) | 9(90) | 10 (53) | 2(50) | 33 (67) |
| No | 39 (36) | 1(10) | 9(47) | 2(50) | 16 (33) |
| Insurance reported | |||||
| Yes | 42 (39) | 5 (50) | 5(26) | 3(75) | 18 (37) |
| Not documented | 66 (61) | 5 (50) | 14 (74) | 1(25) | 31 (63) |
*
Public health journals, dental journals, and women’s health journals
**
Subject used own definition, CAM product, and home remedy
***
Glaucoma, arthritis, hypertension, depression, and menopause
****
Personal beliefs regarding herbs and conventional medications, and financial reasons