Skip to main content
. 2015 Jan 20;110(4):693–702. doi: 10.1111/add.12826

Table 2.

Unadjusted relative risk ratios for changes in susceptibility and smoking status in relation to explanatory variables.

Among non‐susceptible never smokers at baseline Among susceptible never smokers at baseline
RRR of becoming susceptible RRR of becoming an ever smoker RRR of becoming non‐susceptible RRR of becoming an ever smoker
Estimate 99% CI P Estimate 99% CI P Estimate 99% CI P Estimate 99% CI P
Sex
Boy 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Girl 1.12 0.87–1.43 0.242 1.47 0.89–2.45 0.049 0.53 0.23–1.25 0.056 1.45 1.16–1.81 <0.001
Age (years)
11 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
12 1.10 0.51–1.96 0.985 1.81 0.42–7.84 0.296 0.49 0.20–1.22 0.043 0.38 0.16–0.90 0.004
13 1.32 0.66–2.65 0.304 4.12 1.71–9.97 <0.001 0.26 0.11–0.60 0.000 0.54 0.23–1.24 0.057
14 1.11 0.55–2.26 0.697 4.64 1.49–14.5 0.001 0.55 0.28–1.08 0.023 1.26 0.40–3.96 0.610
15 0.52 0.15–1.80 0.174 8.51 2.18–33.1 <0.001 0.39 0.15–1.01 0.011 0.67 0.32–1.42 0.172
Quintile of index of multiple deprivation
1 (least deprived) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 1.10 0.60–2.02 0.686 1.31 0.46–3.77 0.507 0.42 0.21–0.81 0.001 0.98 0.51–1.90 0.946
3 1.08 0.59–1.99 0.736 1.33 0.68–2.59 0.279 1.01 0.48–2.12 0.965 0.94 0.42–2.13 0.854
4 0.79 0.43–1.45 0.326 0.70 0.25–1.95 0.373 0.91 0.24–3.43 0.852 1.43 0.27–7.68 0.581
5 (most deprived) 1.16 0.60–2.22 0.564 1.28 0.53–3.14 0.471 0.58 0.17–2.00 0.258 1.15 0.58–2.25 0.602
Parental smoking
Neither parent smokes 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
One parent smokes 1.57 1.08–2.20 0.002 2.62 0.94–7.26 0.015 1.48 0.86–2.55 0.060 1.63 0.98–2.70 0.013
Both parents smoke 1.10 0.49–2.45 0.771 3.33 1.37–8.11 <0.001 1.08 0.37–3.15 0.846 2.48 0.90–6.85 0.022
Sibling smoking
None smokes 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
At least one smokes 1.76 0.74–4.14 0.091 1.54 0.58–4.08 0.256 1.10 0.60–2.03 0.682 1.83 0.94–3.57 0.019
Smoking in the main family home
Not allowed 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Allowed 1.49 0.91–2.45 0.037 2.50 1.34–4.65 <0.001 1.06 0.42–2.68 0.860 1.47 0.70–3.08 0.181
Number of friends who smoke
None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
One or two 1.61 0.85–3.07 0.055 1.94 0.61–6.13 0.139 0.62 0.22–1.76 0.234 1.45 0.92–2.30 0.037
Three or more 1.66 1.40–1.96 <0.001 4.50 1.40–14.5 0.001 0.56 0.33–0.96 0.005 2.33 1.33–4.07 <0.001
Not sure 1.94 1.34–2.83 <0.001 3.65 1.50–8.90 <0.001 0.89 0.39–2.02 0.705 1.79 1.22–2.62 <0.001
Self‐perceived academic performance
Excellent or good 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Average or below average 1.84 1.16–2.92 0.001 2.25 1.20–4.21 0.001 0.72 0.26–1.94 0.389 0.92 0.39–2.15 <0.001
Rebelliousness
Low 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
High 1.60 1.09–2.33 0.001 2.58 1.52–4.35 <0.001 1.17 0.71–1.95 0.419 1.33 0.78–2.26 0.164
Noticing point‐of‐sale displays
Sometimes or less 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Most or every time 1.80 1.12–2.88 0.001 2.15 0.96–4.82 0.014 2.10 0.78–5.64 0.053 1.17 0.47–2.93 0.664
Frequency of visiting shops
Fewer than 2 or 3 times a week 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
At least 2 or 3 times a week 1.52 1.16–1.99 <0.001 1.75 0.91–3.34 0.026 1.20 0.64–2.23 0.461 1.49 0.88–2.52 0.053
Number of brands recognized
None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
1–5 1.92 1.25–2.94 <0.001 1.60 1.06–2.40 0.003 0.88 0.36–2.14 0.715 1.22 0.70–2.15 0.357
More than 5 2.31 1.62–3.29 <0.001 2.93 1.88–4.57 <0.001 0.91 0.48–1.73 0.700 1.96 1.19–3.23 0.001
Missing 2.81 1.78–4.43 <0.001 1.35 0.48–3.81 0.453 1.27 0.34–4.67 0.641 1.56 0.47–5.20 0.342
Combined frequency of visiting and noticing displays
Visit <2/3 times per week/notice sometimes or less 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Visit <2/3 times per week/notice most or every time 2.72 1.32–5.58 <0.001 1.95 0.33–11.5 0.331 1.83 0.47–7.07 0.250 0.66 0.21–2.09 0.350
Visit >2/3 times per week/notice sometimes or less 2.71 1.20–6.09 0.002 1.58 0.21–11.6 0.555 0.90 0.13–6.42 0.888 0.75 0.21–2.61 0.550
Visit >2/3 times per week/notice most or every time 3.53 1.69–7.38 <0.001 3.25 0.74–14.2 0.040 2.07 0.41–1.04 0.244 1.18 0.37–3.84 0.710
Combined frequency of noticing displays and brand recognition
Notice sometimes or less/0 brands 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Notice sometimes or less/1–5 brands 2.05 0.82–5.16 0.045 1.53 0.20–11.8 0.590 0.88 0.13–5.73 0.855 1.05 0.38–2.88 0.901
Notice sometimes or less/6+ brands 2.53 0.67–9.51 0.072 1.53 0.11–22.3 0.681 * 1.26 0.16–9.80 0.772
Notice most or every time/0 brands 1.76 0.63–4.88 0.155 1.66 0.45–6.12 0.321 2.84 0.70–11.6 0.055 0.92 0.25–3.43 0.868
Notice most or every time/1–5 brands 2.93 1.06–8.09 0.006 2.37 0.81–6.92 0.037 2.01 0.51–7.88 0.187 1.18 0.29–4.85 0.761
Notice most or every time/6+ brands 3.47 1.29–9.33 0.001 4.34 1.66–11.4 <0.001 2.09 0.58–7.46 0.137 1.92 0.59–6.19 0.153
Missing 4.20 1.40–12.6 0.001 1.90 0.70–5.17 0.098 2.68 0.63–11.4 0.080 1.48 0.32–6.90 0.510
*

Could not estimate due to small numbers. RRR = relative risk ratio; CI = confidence interval.