Table 2.

Baseline characteristics as a function of all-cause hospitalizations (excluding psychiatric reasons)

Variables	No (N = 15 811)	All-cause hospitalizations (2001–2011)
		Mean (SD)	P value
Sex
Men	11 699 (74.0)	1.33 (1.45)	<0.001
Women	4112 (26.0)	1.18 (1.33)
Age group (years)
≤40	3402 (21.5)	1.08 (1.32)	<0.001
41–45	7835 (49.6)	1.27 (1.40)
46–50	4574 (28.9)	1.49 (1.51)
Marital status
Married/cohabiting	14 164 (89.6)	1.29 (1.42)	0.671
Other	1647 (10.4)	1.27 (1.41)
Occupational grade
Low	2442 (15.4)	1.19 (1.37)	<0.001
Middle	9220 (58.3)	1.29 (1.42)
High	4149 (26.2)	1.36 (1.44)
Income level
Intermediate/high	9294 (58.8)	1.30 (1.43)	0.098
Low	6517 (41.2)	1.27 (1.42)
Education
University degrees	3197 (20.2)	1.31 (1.47)	0.882
Higher secondary school	9306 (58.9)	1.28 (1.41)
Lower than higher secondary school	3308 (20.9)	1.30 (1.42)
Smoking
Smokers	4191 (26.5)	1.30 (1.46)	<0.001
Non-smokers	6952 (44.0)	1.22 (1.38)
Ex-smokers	4668 (29.5)	1.38 (1.44)
Alcohol use
None	387 (2.4)	1.38 (1.57)	0.317
Moderate	14 024 (88.7)	1.28 (1.41)
Heavy	1400 (8.9)	1.35 (1.48)
Self-rated health
Good	13 908 (88.0)	1.26 (1.38)	<0.001
Suboptimum	1903 (12.0)	1.55 (1.65)
Respiratory diseases
No	12 006 (75.9)	1.27 (1.40)	<0.001
Yes, treated	624 (3.9)	1.49 (1.51)
Yes, untreated	3181 (20.1)	1.35 (1.48)
Cardiovascular diseases
No	11 044 (69.9)	1.23 (1.37)	<0.001
Yes, treated	1346 (8.5)	1.51 (1.62)
Yes, untreated	3421 (21.6)	1.41 (1.47)
Endocrine and metabolic disease
No	15 216 (96.2)	1.27 (1.41)	<0.001
Yes, treated	304 (1.9)	1.86 (1.87)
Yes, untreated	291 (1.8)	1.61 (1.58)
Any mental disorders (1989–2000)
No	13 612 (86.1)	1.28 (1.41)	0.018
Yes	2199 (13.9)	1.37 (1.49)