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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Densitom. 2014 Oct 18;19(2):180–191. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2014.08.001

Table 5.

The Fixed Effect of Chronological Age and Concurrent Height, Weight, Body Mass Index or Mean Habitual Physical Activities on Peak Total Body BMD Attainment

Parameter Male Female
Estimate SE P Estimate SE P
Age and quadratic age
 a 0.2778 0.0275 <0.0001 0.3015 0.0220 <0.0001
 b 0.0741 0.0036 <0.0001 0.0766 0.0028 <0.0001
 c −0.0014 0.0001 <0.0001 −0.0017 0.0001 <0.0001
 d - - - - - -
 e - - - - - -
 f - - - - - -
Weight (kg)
 a 0.7310 0.0417 <0.0001 0.2741 0.0408 <0.0001
 b 0.0047 0.0064 0.4636 0.0788 0.0063 <0.0001
 c 0.0011 0.0002 <0.0001 −0.0018 0.0002 <0.0001
 d −0.1379 0.0347 <0.0001 −0.1227 0.0036 0.0007
 e 0.0208 0.0052 <0.0001 0.0242 0.0054 <0.0001
 f −0.0006 0.0002 0.0014 −0.0009 0.0002 <0.0001
Height (m)
 a 0.6827 0.0405 <0.0001 0.2155 0.0450 <0.0001
 b 0.0128 0.0063 0.0427 0.0871 0.0068 <0.0001
 c 0.0008 0.0002 0.0006 −0.0021 0.0002 <0.0001
 d −0.0425 0.0404 0.2928 −0.1974 0.0410 <0.0001
 e 0.0037 0.0061 0.5427 0.0308 0.0059 <0.0001
 f 0.0001 0.0002 0.5852 −0.0010 0.0002 <0.0001
BMI (kg/m2)
 a 0.6941 0.0430 <0.0001 0.2311 0.0407 <0.0001
 b 0.0096 0.0659 0.4636 0.0852 0.0063 <0.0001
 c 0.0010 0.0002 <0.0001 −0.0020 0.0002 <0.0001
 d −0.1370 0.0332 <0.0001 −0.0697 0.0353 0.0007
 e 0.0137 0.0050 <0.0001 0.0157 0.0053 <0.0001
 f −0.0004 0.0002 0.0014 −0.0006 0.0002 <0.0001
Habitual physical activity
Leisure activity index
  a 0.1265 0.1448 0.3837 0.1264 0.1256 0.3155
  b 0.0977 0.0182 <0.0001 0.1989 0.0162 <0.0001
  c −0.0020 0.0005 <0.0001 −0.0025 0.0005 <0.0001
  d 0.0371 0.0571 0.5162 0.0730 0.0482 0.1322
  e −0.0062 0.0072 0.3882 −0.0089 0.0062 0.1525
  f 0.0002 0.0002 0.4158 0.0003 0.0002 0.1147
Sport activity index
  a 0.3917 0.1217 0.0016 0.4236 0.0826 <0.0001
  b 0.0751 0.0155 <0.0001 0.0678 0.0109 <0.0001
  c −0.0014 0.0004 0.0008 −0.0017 0.0003 <0.0001
  d 0.0624 0.0436 0.1540 −0.0436 0.0327 0.1848
  e 0.0062 0.056 0.2662 0.0031 0.0043 0.4882
  f −0.0000 0.0002 0.6805 0.0000 0.0001 0.9705
Work activity index
  a 0.1861 0.1503 0.2175 Did not converge
  b 0.0848 0.0189 <0.0001
  c −0.0017 0.0005 0.0011
  d 0.0134 0.0527 0.7999
  e −0.0011 0.0066 0.8728
  f 0.0000 0.0002 0.8942
Total activity index
  a 0.2730 0.2193 0.2151 0.3679 0.1684 0.0304
  b 0.0818 0.0278 0.0033 0.0706 0.0211 0.0008
  c −0.0019 0.0008 0.0119 −0.0018 0.0006 0.0036
  d −0.0068 0.0272 0.8043 −0.0069 0.0218 0.7511
  e 0.0006 0.0035 0.9854 0.0007 0.0027 0.7962
  f 0.0000 0.0001 0.6899 0.0000 0.0000 0.9052

The model equations were as follows: Values of repeated measurements of total body bone mineral density (TBMD) = a (intercept) + b (parameter of age at the time of TBMD) + c (quadratic parameter of age) + d (parameter of covariable, e.g., concurrent BMI) + e (parameter of the age and a covariable) + e (parameter of the quadratic age and a covariable).