(A) Real-time PCR for CXCL5 mRNA levels in biopsies from pediatric no-IBD (Controls, n = 18) patients vs. UC patients (n = 9). (B) Real-time PCR for CXCL5 mRNA levels in a cohort of biopsies from UC patients with inactive (n = 8) or active disease (n = 8). *p < 0.05, t-test, Prism6 (GraphPad Software Inc.). Real-time PCR for the levels of (C) miR-4284 and (D) CXCL5 mRNA in matched samples of biopsies acquired from non-inflamed and inflamed colonic areas of five pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis, collected at the same visit for each patient. Data represent the levels of each target, relative to the levels of the matched non-inflamed biopsy.