Table 1.
Baseline Demographic Characteristics of the Study Population.
| Characteristic | Total | HACDI | Non-HACDI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of cases | 568 | 64 | 504 |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 63 (18) | 71 (15) | 62 (17) |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||
| Female | 353 (62) | 44 (69) | 309 (61) |
| Male | 215 (38) | 20 (31) | 195 (39) |
| Race, No. (%) | |||
| Nonwhite | 88 (15) | 9 (14) | 79 (16) |
| White | 480 (85) | 55 (86) | 425 (84) |
| Patient type, No. (%) | |||
| Medical | 401 (71) | 50 (78) | 351 (70) |
| Surgical | 167 (29) | 14 (22) | 153 (30) |
| Deyo-Charlson index, No. (%) | |||
| 0–3 | 147 (26) | 20 (31) | 127 (25) |
| 4–6 | 169 (30) | 19 (30) | 150 (30) |
| ≥7 | 252 (44) | 25 (39) | 227 (45) |
| Antibiotic use, No. (%) | 403 (71) | 45 (70) | 358 (71) |
| 25(OH)D, mean (SD), ng/mL |
19 (12) | 17 (10) | 19 (12) |
| 25(OH)D, mean (SD) by season, ng/mL | |||
| Fall (n = 151) | 18 (9) | 20 (9) | 18 (10) |
| Spring (n = 147) | 17 (10) | 16 (8) | 17 (10) |
| Summer (n = 132) | 21 (11) | 19 (10) | 21 (11) |
| Winter (n = 138) | 19 (9) | 15 (12) | 19 (15) |
| Vitamin D | 78 (14) | 6 (9) | 72 (14) |
| supplemental use, No. (%) |
|||
HACDI, hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Antibiotic use is exposure of antibiotics during the hospitalization prior to measurement of Clostridium difficile toxin A or B in stool samples. Vitamin D supplemental use is vitamin D supplementation in the year prior to hospitalization.