Table 1.

Salivary biomarkers associated with AMI.

Significant Associated Proteins	Subjects	Methods	Saliva	Reference
CRP, CK-MB, sCD40 ligand	92 + 105 control	Beadlyte technology (Luminex®) and enzyme immunoassays	UWS	29
Decreased irisin, increased troponin-I, CK, CK-MB	11 + 14 control	Enzyme immunoassay	Submandibular/ Sublingual/Parotid	30
Increased ischemia-modified albumin	60 + 40 control	Colorimetric assay	UWS	31
Increased cTnI*	30 + 28 control	Enzyme immunoassay	UWS/SWS	32
Increased hs-cTnT	30 + 30 control	Enzyme immunoassay	UWS/SWS	33
Increased SAA	85 + 388 control	Kinetic enzyme assay	UWS	34
Increased CK-MB	30 + 30 control	Immunoinhibition assay	UWS	35
Increased CK	30+ 30 control	IFCC	UWS	36
Increased polymorphonuclear leukocyte MMP-8	47 + 28 control	Immunofluorometric assay and immunoblot densitometric analysis	SWS	37
Increased CRP, MMP-9, IL-1β, sICAM-1, MPO, adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, GRO-α, decreased TNF-α, sCD40 ligand, IL-6	41 + 43 control	Beadlyte technology (Luminex®) and enzyme immunoassays	UWS	38

SWS: stimulated whole saliva; UWS: unstimulated whole saliva; sCD40: ligand soluble CD40 ligand; cTnI: cardiac troponin I; hs-cTnT: hyper-sensitivity cardiac troponin T: SAA: salivary alpha-amylase; IFCC: International Federation of Clinical Chemistry; MPO: myeloperoxidase; sICAM-1: soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; GRO-α: growth-related oncogene-alpha; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-alpha. *Only found in UWS