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The phototoxic effects of DVDMS are mediated by ROS production. A, B: Measurement of intracellular ROS in 4T1 cells. Error bars represent the SD from three independent experiments. ** p < 0.01 versus control, ## p < 0.01 versus DVDMS alone. C: Effect of ROS scavenger NAC on PDT induced cytotoxicity in 4T1 cells. Error bars represent the SD from three independent experiments. ** p < 0.01 PDT versus control, ## p < 0.01 PDT + NAC versus PDT.
