Table 2.
Study | Population (n) | Result |
---|---|---|
Parekh et al22 | NHANES III (7,752 civilians) | For all patients, 0.64 odds of early AMD in highest quintile of 25OHD level |
Millen et al21 | CAREDS/WHIOS (1,313 post menopausal women) | For all patients, 0.72 odds of AMD in highest quintile, For all patients <75 years of age, 0.52 odds of AMD in highest quintile |
Golan et al23 | Israel Maccabi Health care Services database (1,045 AMD and 8,124 controls) | No difference in mean 25OHD levels between AMD and controls (24.1 vs 24.13 ng/mL, P = 0.925 |
Day et al25 | Medicare 5% database (6,966 vitamin D deficient, 6,966 controls) | No difference in incident rates of AMD in vitamin D deficient patients versus controls (8.90 vs. 9.14%, P = 0.62 |
Morrison et al20 | Discordant sibling cohort, 100 pts | Trend toward lower levels in NVAMD versus NNVAMD sibling (24.7 + 10.5 ng/mL vs 27.5 + 10.7 ng/mL, P = 0.22) |
Seddon et al24 | Discordant twins cohort, 60 pts | Higher vitamin D intake in twin with less advanced AMD (200.3+/- 18.5 vs 170.9 +/− 16.9 IU/day, P = 0.01 |
Graffe et al35 | 31 adutls with AMD (26 with late-stage AMD) 34 age-matched controls |
Vitamin D def (<20 ng/mL) more prevalent in AMD patients (71.0%) vs. controls (44.1%) (P = 0.03). Those with vitamin D deficiency had an adjusted OR of 3.29 for development of late-stage NVAMD |
CAREDS, Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study; IU, international units; NHANES III, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; WHIOS, Women's Health Initiative Observational Study; pt, patients