Figure 1.

Gene expression profiles in sleep deprived and starved cyc⁰¹, per⁰, and Wild-type Canton-S (CS) flies. (A) Relative fold changes versus untreated genetic controls in representative genes derived from complementary DNA arrays (6 samples/condition) or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR, 1 sample/group, n = 20 flies). All flies were maintained in dark-dark cycle (DD). cyc⁰¹ and per⁰¹ were sleep deprived (SlDn) or starved (Stv) concurrently for 7 h while CS flies were deprived for 12 h during their primary sleep period. (B) Percent change versus untreated genetic controls expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. Fold changes between sleep deprived and starved flies are highlighted in gray.