. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 May;39(5):763–775. doi: 10.1111/acer.12704

Table 1.

Changes in intestinal microbiota associated with experimental alcoholic liver disease in animals

		Implicated microbiota
Condition	Comparison	Phylum	Class	Order	Family	Genus/Species	Methodology	Reference
Intragastric Tsukamoto-French mouse model for 3 weeks	Isocaloric vs. ethanol fed (n=3 vs. 3)	Bacteroidetes ↑ Firmicutes ↓	Bacteroidia ↑ Bacilli	Bacteroidales Lactobacillales ↓	Bacteroidaceae Enterococcaceae Lactobacillaceae ↓	Bacteroides spp. ↑ Enterococcus spp. ↑ Lactobacillus spp. Pediococcus spp. Leuconostoc spp. Lactococcus spp. ↓	16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing, quantitative real-time PCR Cecum samples	Yan and colleagues (2011)
Intragastric Tsukamoto-French mouse model for 3 weeks	Isocaloric vs. ethanol fed (n=3 vs. 3)	Proteobacteria ↑ Verrucomicrobia ↑	Erysipelotrichia Verrucomicrobiae	Erysipelotrichales Verrucomicrobiales	Leuconostocaceae Streptococcaceae Erysipelotrichaceae ↑ Verrucomicrobiaceae	Akkermansia muciniphila ↑		Yan and colleagues (2011)

Intragastric Tsukamoto-French mouse model for 1 week	Isocaloric vs. ethanol fed (n=7 vs 9, and 3 vs. 5)	Firmicutes Verrucomicrobia	Bacilli Verrucomicrobiae	Lactobacillales Verrucomicrobiales	Lactobacillaceae Verrucomicrobiaceae	Lactobacillus spp. Akkermansia muciniphila ↑	Quantitative real-time PCR Cecum samples	Hartmann and colleagues (2013)

Lieber-DeCarli Liquid diet mice for 6 weeks	Isocaloric vs. ethanol fed (n=8 vs. 8)	Actinobacteria ↑ Bacteroidetes ↓ Firmicutes ↓ Proteobacteria ↑	Actinobacteria Bacteroidia Bacilli Clostridia Erysipeltrichia Betaproteobacteria	Actinomycetales Bacteroidales Bacillales Lactobacillales Clostridiales Erysipeltrichales Burkholderiales	Corynebacteriaceae Bacteroidaceae Porphyromonadaceae Prevotellaceae Listeriaceae Aerococcaceae Lactobacillaceae Ruminococcaceae Erysipeltrichaceae Alcaligenaceae	Corynebacterium spp. ↑ Bacteroides spp. Parabacteroides spp. Tannerella spp. Hallella sp. Listeria spp. ↑ Aerococcus spp. ↑ Lactobacillus spp. ↑ Acetivibrio spp. ↑ Incertae Sedis Allobaculum spp. ↑ Alcaligenes spp. ↑	16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing Stool sample	Bull-Otterson and colleagues (2013)
Lieber-DeCarli Liquid diet mice for 6 weeks	Ethanol fed vs. ethanol fed+ Lb. rhamnosus (n=8 vs. 4)	Actinobacteria ↓ Firmicutes ↑ Proteobacteria ↓	Actinobacteria Bacilli Clostridia Betaproteobacteria	Actinomycetales Lactobacillales Clostridiales Burkholderiales	Corynebacteriaceae Lactobacillaceae Ruminococcaceae Alcaligenaceae	Corynebacterium spp. ↓ Lactobacillus spp. ↑ Incertae Sedis ↑ Alcaligenes spp. ↓	16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing Stool sample	Bull-Otterson and colleagues (2013)

Ethanol liquid diet for 7d + oral binge on day 7 in mice	Isocaloric vs. ethanol fed (n=5-7)	Proteobacteria Firmicutes	Gammabacteria Bacilli	Enterobacteriales Lactobacillales ↑	Enterobacteriaceae ↑ Enterococcaceae	Enterococcus spp. ↑	Quantitative culturing of stool samples	Campos Canesso and colleagues (2014)

Intragastric Tsukamoto-French mouse model including supple- ments of un- saturated or saturated fatty acids for 3 weeks	Isocaloric vs. ethanol fed with unsaturated FAs	Bacteroidetes ↑ Firmicutes ↓	Bacilli	Lactobacillales	Lactobacillaceae	Lb. rhamnosus Lactobacillus spp. ↓	16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing, quantitative real-time PCR Cecum samples	Chen and colleagues (2015)
	Ethanol fed with unsaturated Fas vs. ethanol fed with saturated FAs (n=2-7)	Bacteroidetes ↓ Firmicutes ↑	Bacilli	Lactobacillales	Lactobacillaceae	Lb. rhamnosus ↑ Lactobacillus spp. ↑		Chen and colleagues (2015)

A comparison of condition A vs condition B: ↑, increase in condition B relative to condition A; ↓, decrease in condition B relative to condition A.

Taxonomy was updated using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Taxonomy Browser.