Table 1.
Characteristics of studies on sunscreens use and risk of malignant melanoma
| First author, year | Country | Study design | Cases, age | Frequency of Sunscreen Use | RR (95% CI) | Adjustment or matched for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autier et al. 1995 | Germany, Belgium and France | Case-control | 418, ≥20 | Regular use vs. never | 1.50 (1.09-2.06) | Age, sex, hair color, no. of holiday weeks spent in sunny climate. |
| Bakos et al. 2002 | Brazil | Case-control | 102, 20-84 | SPF15+ vs. never | 0.2 (0.1-0.8) | Age, sex, race, and residence. |
| Beitner et al. 1990 | Sweden | Case-control | 523, Na | Very often/often vs. never | 1.80 (1.20-2.70) | Age, sex, hair colour. |
| Espinoza Arranz et al. 1999 | Spain | Case-control | 116, 21-87 | Ever vs. never | 0.48 (0.34-0.71) | Skin type, nevi count, age. |
| Gandini et al. 2014 | Italy | Prospective | 139, Na | Ever vs. never | 0.82 (0.70-0.96) | Place of residence, interview location, age, sex, socio-economic features. |
| Graham et al. 1985 | United States | Case-control | 404, Na | Use vs. never used | 2.20 (1.20-4.10) | Na. |
| Green et al. 2011 | Australia | Prospective | 33, 25-75 | Use vs. never used | 0.50 (0.24-1.02) | Age, sex, phenotype, sun exposure, and history of skin cancer. |
| Herzfeld et al. 1993 | United States | Case-control | 324, ≥18 | Always vs. never | 2.6 (1.4-4.7) | Age, sex, race, and residence. |
| Holly et al. 1995 | United States | Case-control | 452, 25-59 | Almost always vs. never | 0.48 (0.33-0.67) | Age, complexion, maternal ethnicity, history of skin cancer, and sunburns up to 12 yrs of age, skin reaction to sun, host factors. |
| Holman et al. 1986 | Australia | Case-control | 507, <80 | Ever vs. never | 1.15 (0.78-1.68) | Host factors, age at arrival in Australia, ethnic origin. |
| Klepp et al. 1979 | Norway | Case-control | 78, ≥20 | Often vs. rarely or never | 2.27 (1.26-4.12) | Na. |
| Klug et al. 2010 | United States | Case-control | 349, Na | Ever vs. never | 0.90 (0.70-1.19) | Ambient residential UV intensity, number of hours outdoors, tan type, number of sunburns, gender, age group, and study site. |
| Lazovich et al. 2011 | United States | Case-control | 1167, 25-59 | High vs. no used | 1.10 (0.77-1.57) | Gender, age at interview, phenotypic risk score, moles, high income, college education, family history of melanoma, lifetime sunburns, routine sun exposure, activity sun exposure, and ever use of indoor tanning. |
| Naldi et al. 2000 | Italy | Case-control | 542, Na | Often vs. never used | 0.80 (0.54-1.17) | Age, sex, geographic area, education, skin, eye and hair colour, number of freckles and naevi ≥2 mm, history of sunburns, tanning pattern and sunny holiday weeks per year. |
| Osterlind et al. 1988 | Denmark | Case-control | 474, 20-79 | >10 yrs vs. never | 1.2 (0.9-1.5) | Constitutional factors, sex, age. |
| Rodenas et al. 1996 | Spain | Case-control | 105, 20-79 | Always vs. never | 0.6 (0.26-1.42) | Age, skin color, skin type, total number of hours of recreational sun exposure, total number of hours of occupational sun exposure, and total number of nevi. |
| Westerdahl et al. 1995 | Sweden | Case-control | 400. 15-75 | Almost always vs. never | 1.80 (1.10-2.80) | History of sunburn, history of sunbathing, employment, host factors. |
| Westerdahl et al. 2000 | Sweden | Case-control | 571, 16-80 | Often vs. never used | 1.8 (1.1-2.9) | Hair colour, history of sunburns, frequency of sunbathing during the summer and the duration of each sunbathing occasion. |
| Whiteman et al. 1997 | Australia | Case-control | 52, <21 | Always vs. never | 2.2 (0.4-11.6) | Sex, school, grade, tanning ability, freckling and number of naevi. |
| Wolf et al. 1998 | Australia | Case-control | 193, 18-83 | Often vs. never | 3.34 (1.81-6.64) | Age, sex, sunbathing, host factors. |
| Youl et al. 2002 | Australia | Case-control | 201, Na | Often vs. never | 2.2 (0.7-7.1) | Age, sex, total nevi, hair color, eye color, tanning ability, facial freckling, family history. |
Abbreviations: RR: relative risk; CI: confidence interval; SPF: solar protection factor; Na: not available; vs.: versus.