TABLE 4.
Underlying comorbidities of patients with laboratory-confirmed MERSa
| Parameter | Value for clinical cohort described in reference(s): |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 87 | 66 | 63 | 75 | 80 | 88 | 311 | 86, 152, 334, 335 | |
| Time period | April 2012 to 22 October 2013 | April 2012 | 1 September 2012 to 15 June 2013 | 1 March 2013 to 19 April 2013 | 1 April 2013 to 3 June 2013 | May 2013 to August 2013 | 1 October 2012 to 31 May 2014 | |
| Setting or data source | 161 cases reported to WHO | Retrospective outbreak investigation in Jordan | All cases reported by the KSA Ministry of Health to WHO | Outbreak investigation in 4 hospitals in Al-Hasa, KSA | A 350-bed general hospital in KSA | 3 intensive care units in KSA | 70 cases at a single center in Riyadh, KSA | Case reports or case series |
| Underlying comorbiditiesb | ||||||||
| Any | 91/120 (75.8); fatal (86.8%) > nonfatal (42.4%) cases | NA | 45/47 (95.7); 28/45 (62.2) fatal | NA | 12/12 (100) | NA | 57/70 (81.4) | Fatal (40/55; 72.7%) > nonfatal (30/73; 41.1%) cases |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | NA | NA | 12/47 (25.6); 10/12 (83.3) fatal | 10/23 (43.5) | 6/15 (40.0) | Asthma, 1/12 (8.3) | NA | NA |
| Chronic renal disease | 16/120 (13.3); 20.8% fatal cases; secondary (23.0%) > primary (4.3%) cases | NA | 23/47 (48.9); 17/23 (73.9) fatal | NA | 5/15 (33.3) | 5/12 (41.7); 1/12 (8.3) required dialysis | NA | NA |
| Chronic cardiac disease | 9/120 (7.5); at least 2 fatal; primary (7/47, 14.9%) > secondary (2/61, 3.3%) cases | 1/8 (12.5) | 13/47 (27.7); 10/13 (76.9) fatal | 9/23 (39.1) | 8/15 (53.3), including 3/15 (20.0) with CHF | MI, 4/12 (33.3); cardiac surgery, 3/12 (25.0); CHF, 2/12 (16.7); valvular disease, 1/12 (8.3); PVD, 2/12 (16.7) | NA | Chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy, 1/7 (14.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12/120 (10.0); 3.8% fatal cases; primary (11/47, 23.4%) > secondary (1/61, 1.6%) cases | NA | 32/47 (68.1); 21/32 (65.6) fatal | 17/23 (73.9) | 13/15 (86.7) | 8/12 (66.7) | NA | 3/7 (42.9) |
| Hypertension | NA | 2/8 (25.0) | 16/47 (34.0); 13/16 (81.3) fatal | NA | NA | 6/12 (50.0) | NA | 3/7 (42.9) |
| Obesity | NA | NA | 8/47 (17.0); 5/8 (62.5) fatal | 5/21 (23.8) | Mean BMI, 32.02 ± 6.78 kg/m2 | Median BMI, 31.8 (21.6 to 46.1) kg/m2; 3/12 (33.3) were obese | 7/70 (10.0) | 1/7 (14.3) |
| Smoking | NA | 2/8 (25.0) | 11/47 (23.4); 7/11 (63.6) fatal | NA | NA | 4/12 (33.3) | 9/70 (12.9) | 2/7 (28.6) |
| Malignancy | NA | NA | 1/47 (2.1); fatal | NA | 1/15 (6.7) | 1/12 (8.3) | NA | 2/7 (28.6) |
| Other | NA | Pregnancy | Immunosuppressive therapy, 3/47 (6.4); all 3 fatal | NA | NA | Stroke, kidney and liver transplant, and neuromuscular disease | Pregnancy | Dyslipidemia, 1/7 (14.3), kidney transplant, and HIV infection |
a
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; KSA, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not available; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; WHO, World Health Organization.
b
Unless indicated otherwise, data are reported as number with comorbidity/total (percentage with comorbidity).