TABLE 3.

Production titers and yields of polyketides obtained by heterologous production in microorganisms or extracted from plants

Organism	Polyketide	Substrate	Titer (mg/liter)	Yield (g polyketide/g substrate)	Reference(s)
C. longa	Curcuminoids	Curcuminoids in dry turmeric		0.5–0.7	15, 134–136
E. coli	Curcuminoids
	Curcumin	Ferulic acid	113	0.58	106
	Bisdemethoxy curcumin	p-Coumaric acid	91	0.55	106
	Dicinnamoyl methane	Phenylalanine	360	0.73	122
	Cinnamoyl-p-coumaroyl methane	Tyrosine + phenylalanine	19	0.02	106
	Flavonoids
	Naringenin	p-Coumaric acid	474	1.11	137
		Tyrosine	57	0.10	116
	Pinocembrin	Cinnamic acid	480	1.08	138
		Phenylalanine	58	0.12	116
	Stillbenoids
	Resveratrol	p-Coumaric acid	171	1.04	119
S. cerevisiae	Flavonoids
	Naringenin	Phenylalaninea	109		132
	Pinocembrin	Cinnamic acid	16.3	0.11	127
	Stillbenoids
	Resveratrol	p-Coumaric acid	391	0.16	139

^aPhenylalanine-overproducing strain.