FIG. 5.

Mediators of ROS action to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes. Two distinct proteins have been demonstrated to be associated with NLRP3–thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and mitochondrial anti-viral signaling protein (MAVS). TXNIP as a binding partner to NLRP3 time dependently dissociates from thioredoxin (TRX) and then binds with NLRP3, leading to inflammasome formation and activation. MAVS also associates with NLRP3 to facilitate its oligomerization with ASC and caspase-1. To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/ars