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. 2015 Apr 20;5:93. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00093

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Roles of signaling pathways from the ER and MAM in cancer. Cancer cells are constitutively exposed to microenvironmental challenges, resulting in the remodeling of signaling pathways from the ER and MAM. Dysregulation of these signaling pathways directly or indirectly contributes to tumorigenesis and the maintenance of cancer cell metabolism. Thus, these pathways may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for various cancers.