Table 3.
Maternal and newborns baseline associated with odds of neonatal death a
| Variables | Number of live births n = 4800 | Number of deaths (NMR) n = 54 | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic background | ||||
| Maternal age | ||||
| ≤35 | 4189(91.0) | 48(1.15) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| >35 | 415(9.0) | 6(1.45) | 1.26(0.56-2.84) | 0.53(0.18-1.56) |
| First pregnancy | ||||
| Yes | 2536(54.5) | 14(0.55) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 2116(45.5) | 40(1.89) | 3.43(1.84-6.40) | 2.77(1.34-5.70) |
| Women’s education | ||||
| None | 52(1.2) | 3(5.77) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Primary school | 1122(25.8) | 20(1.78) | 0.31(0.08-1.16) | 0.28(0.07-1.19) |
| Junior high school or higher | 3171(73.0) | 28(0.88) | 0.15(0.04-0.57) | 0.20(0.05-0.84) |
| Household Wealth Index | ||||
| Poorest | 1553(33.4) | 23(1.48) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Middle income | 1551(33.3) | 13(0.84) | 0.57(0.28-1.16) | 0.76(0.38-1.52) |
| Richest | 1548(33.3) | 18(1.16) | 0.79(0.44-1.41) | 1.19(0.64-2.19) |
| Maternal health care utilization | ||||
| Women receiving any prenatal visit in the first trimester of pregnancy | ||||
| Yes | 3000(69.8) | 26(0.87) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 1297(30.2) | 28(2.16) | 2.49(1.48-4.19) | 2.49(1.41-4.40) |
| Delivery place | ||||
| Home | 136(3.0) | 5(3.68) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Township | 394(8.5) | 5(1.27) | 0.35(0.10-1.15) | 0.23(0.05-1.03) |
| County | 3839(83.3) | 42(1.09) | 0.30(0.12-0.75) | 0.18(0.04-0.86) |
| Above county | 242(5.2) | 2(0.83) | 0.22(0.04-1.26) | 0.17(0.02-1.36) |
| Distance to the delivery place | ||||
| ≤5 km | 1058(23.3) | 9(0.85) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| >5 km | 3487(76.7) | 45(1.29) | 1.52(0.75-3.07) | 3.61(0.93-14.04) |
| Time to initiation of breastfeedingb | ||||
| No feeding | 565(12.9) | 13(2.30) | 1.0 | |
| >24 h | 3069(70.1) | 27(0.88) | 0.36(0.20-0.65) | |
| ≤24 h | 745(17.0) | 1(0.13) | 0.04(0.01-0.34) |
Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal care; NMR, neonatal mortality rate.
Values are number (percentage) unless otherwise mentioned.
Logistic regressions were adjusted for clustering difference among counties.
aThere are no more other confounders included in the multivariable logistical regression model.
bRestricted to singleton births who survived the first 24 h after March 2007(N = 4693) and not added into multivariable logistical regression.