Figure 1.
Simplified schematic illustration depicting different mechanisms implicated in radiosensitization by the antiepidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody nimotuzumab in high-grade glioma.
Note: Copyright © 2015. Dove Medical Press. Reproduced from Diaz-Miqueli A, Martinez GS. Nimotuzumab as a radiosensitizing agent in the treatment of high grade glioma: challenges and opportunities. Oncology Targets Therapy. 2013;6:931–942.8
Abbreviations: Akt, protein kinase B; CD, cluster differentiation; EGF, epidermal growth factor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Grb2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; GTP, guanosine-5′-triphosphate; MEK, mitogen activated protein kinase kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate; Raf, rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; Ras, rat sarcoma; SH2, Src homology-2; shc, Src-homology collagen protein; SOS, son of sevenless homolog 1; Src, sarcoma; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TGF-α, transforming growth factor alpha; VEGFA, vascular endothelial growth factor type A; VEGFR2, VEGF receptor 2.