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. 2015 Apr 13;10:2895–2911. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S76312

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© 2015 Zhao et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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IgA antibody levels in serum (A), tracheal fluid (B), bile (C), and Harderian glands (D) of specific pathogen-free chickens immunized with PBS IM, blank LDH@SiO₂-NPs IM, naked plasmid pVAX1-F(o) DNA IM, pFDNA-LDH@SiO₂-NPs IM, and pFDNA-LDH@SiO₂-NPs IN.

Notes: IgA antibody levels are presented as mean ± standard deviation of five experiments. Data with different small letters show significant difference (P<0.05).

Abbreviations: IM, intramuscularly; IN, intranasally; LDH, layered double hydroxide; NPs, nanoparticles; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; pFDNA-LDH@SiO₂-NPs, Newcastle disease virus F gene encapsulated in the LDH@SiO₂-NPs.