. 2015 Apr 13;10:2895–2911. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S76312

Table 1.

IgG antibody titers in serum samples of specific pathogen-free chickens immunized with PBS IM, LDH@SiO₂-NPs IM, naked plasmid pVAX1-F(o) DNA IM, pFDNA-LDH@ SiO₂-NPs IM, and pFDNA-LDH@SiO₂-NPs IN (unit: log 2), respectively

Group	Weeks post-immunization
Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
pFDNA-LDH@SiO₂-NPs IN	3.333±0.577^a	4.667±0.577^a	6.000±0^a	7.667±0.577^a	8.667±0.577^a	8.667±0.577^a	7.667±1.155^a	7.333±0.577^a
pFDNA-LDH@SiO₂-NPs IM	3.333±0.577^a	4.667±0.577^a	5.000±0^a	5.333 ±1.155^b	7.333±0.577^a	6.333±0.577^b	7.000±0^a	5.667±0.577^b
Naked plasmid pVAX1-F(o) DNA IM	3.000±1.000^a	4.667±0.577^a	4.667±0.577^a	5.667±0.577^b	3.000±1.000^b	2.667±1.155^c	3.000±1.000^b	3.000±1.000^c
Blank LDH@SiO₂-NPs IM	2.000±1.000^b	1.667±0.577^b	2.000±1.000^b	1.667 ±1.155^c	1.667±1.155^c	2.000±0^d	2.000±1.000^b	1.667±0.577^d
PBS IM	1.333±0.577^b	1.333±0.577^b	1.667±0.577^b	1.000±0^c	1.333±0.577^c	1.333±0.577^d	1.667±1.155^b	1.000±0^d

Notes: Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation of five experiments in each group. Values within the same column with the different superscript letters are significantly different (P<0.05; Student’s t-test).

Abbreviations: IM, intramuscularly; IN, intranasally; LDH, layered double hydroxide; NPs, nanoparticles; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; pFDNA-LDH@SiO₂-NPs, Newcastle disease virus F gene encapsulated in LDH@SiO₂-NPs.