Table 5.

Moderator analyses on behavior (first post-test)

Moderator	n	k	Hedges’ g (95% CI)	p	Q	p	I² Index
EPHPP study quality	312914	20			0.00	0.974
Weak	1876	1	0.123 [0.032; 0.213]	<.01	NA
Moderate	1245	5	0.267 [0.129; 0.404]	<.001	1.50	0.827	0%
Strong	311670	15	0.263 [0.122; 0.404]	<.001	400.28	<.001	97%

Study design	312914	20			5.92	0.052
Non-equivalent post-test only	1876	1	0.123 [0.032; 0.213]	<.01	NA
Non-equivalent pretest- post-test control group	13383	9	0.269 [−0.032; 0.570]	.080	358.17	<.001	98%
Post-test only control group	298100	3	0.099 [0.087; 0.111]	<.001	0.53	0.767	0.000
Pre-test post-test control group	1432	8	0.325 [0.121; 0.529]	<.01	23.79	<.01	71%

Tailoring	7195	16			0.357	0.550
No tailoring	3925	10	0.234 [0.101; 0.368]	<.01	27.79	<.01	68%
Tailoring by socio-demo	675	1	0.194 [−0.041; 0.429]	0.105	NA
Tailoring by stages/needs	3270	6	0.414 [−0.160; 0.989]	0.158	245.82	<.001	98%
Tailoring by socio-demo & stages/needs	907	1	−0.096 [−0.229; 0.038]	0.162	NA

Theoretical foundation	314050	19			3.16	0.206
None mentioned	2243	3	0.131 [0.047; 0.215]	<.01	0.23	0.890	0%
Only behavioral prediction theory	308852	7	0.270 [0.061; 0.480]	<.05	370.17	<.001	98%
Only game theory	66	1	0.496 [0.012; 0.981]	<.05	NA
Game and clinical psychology approaches/theory-based methods	675	1	0.194 [−0.041; 0.429]	0.105	NA
Both behavioral and game theory	2955	9	0.275 [0.104; 0.446]	<.01	29.96	<.001	73%

Implementation method	314790	21			1.22	0.269
Stand-alone	5517	12	0.307 [−0.004; 0.618]	0.053	271.61	<.001	96%
Multi-component	309273	9	0.127 [0.052; 0.202]	<.01	41.17	<.001	81%

Categories with fewer than 3 observations were removed from moderator analyses when calculating heterogeneity