Table 6.

Moderator analyses on behavioral determinants

Moderator	n	k	Hedges’ g (95% CI)	p	Q	p	I² Index
EPHPP study quality	19934	50			0.24	0.886
Weak	3172	10	0.317 [0.192; 0.442]	<.001	13.61	0.137	34%
Moderate	3750	17	0.357 [0.223; 0.490]	<.001	50.04	<.001	68%
Strong	13012	23	0.317 [0.206; 0.429]	<.001	97.66	<.001	77%

Study design	18058	49			3.30	0.192
Non-equivalent post-test only	1876	1	0.220 [0.129; 0.311]	<.001	NA
Non-equivalent pre-test-post-test control group	13952	17	0.278 [0.161; 0.395]	<.001	83.87	<.001	81%
Post-test only control group	440	5	0.223 [0.009; 0.438]	<.05	3.11	0.540	0%
Pre-test post-test control group	3666	27	0.391 [0.297; 0.485]	<.001	47.96	<.01	46%

Tailoring	11654	48			11.79	<.01
No tailoring	7228	36	0.381 [0.293; 0.468]	<.001	81.03	<.001	57%
Tailoring by socio-demo	114	1	1.011 [0.622; 1.400]	<.001	NA
Tailoring by stages/needs	3440	9	0.146 [0.037; 0.255]	<.01	16.47	<.05	15%
Tailoring by socio-demo & stages/needs	987	3	0.634 [−0.042; 1.310]	0.066	11.92	<.01	83%

Theoretical foundation	19934	50			17.73	<.01
None mentioned	3150	10	0.403 [0.272; 0.534]	<.001	14.53	0.105	38%
Clinical psychology approaches/theory-based methods	168	3	0.354 [−0.214; 0.921]	0.222	7.49	<.05	73%
Only behavioral prediction theory	12691	12	0.149 [0.068; 0.230]	<.001	26.45	<.01	58%
Only game theory	1112	9	0.432 [0.193; 0.671]	<.001	16.12	<.05	50%
Both behavioral and game theory	2813	16	0.417 [0.260; 0.574]	<.001	58.54	<.001	74%

Implementation method	19934	50			1.06	0303
Stand-alone	7444	31	0.371 [0.263; 0.480]	<.001	106.04	<.001	72%
Multi-component	12491	19	0.293 [0.192; 0.395]	<.001	62.17	<.001	71%

n=combined sample size; k=number of studies; Hedges’ g (random effects); CI= confidence Interval; Q= homogeneity statistic (mixed effects); I²=Inconsistency, a second measure of heterogeneity; NA: not applicable