Table 7.

Moderator analyses on clinical outcomes

Moderator	n	k	Hedges’ g (95% CI)	p	Q	p	I2 Index
EPHPP study quality	9367	10			0.07	0.794
Weak	0	0	NA
Moderate	499	5	0.102 [−0.070; 0.273]	0.246	1.43	0.838	0%
Strong	8868	5	0.078 [0.036; 0.120]	<.001	0.68	0.954	0%
Study design	9367	10			NA
Non-equivalent pre-test-post-test control group	8389	2	0.077 [0.034; 0.120]	<.001	0.00	0.989	0%
Pre-test post-test control group	978	8	0.099 [−0.025; 0.223]	0.117	2.07	0.956	0%
Tailoring	1086	8			NA
No tailoring	834	6	0.106 [−0.029; 0.241]	0.123	0.80	0.977	0%
Tailoring by socio-demo	0	0	NA
Tailoring by stages/needs	252	2	0.142 [−0.114; 0.398]	0.278	0.22	0.639	0%
Tailoring by socio-demo & stages/needs	0	0	NA
Theoretical foundation	9367	10			NA
None mentioned	119	1	0.221 [−0.140; 0.581]	0.230	NA
Clinical psychology approaches/theory-based methods	40	1	0.181 [−0.236; 0.599]	0.395	NA
Only behavioral prediction theory	8317	2	0.078 [0.035; 0.121]	<.001	0.04	0.851	0%
Only game theory	0	0	NA
Both behavioral and game theory	891	6	0.066 [−0.070; 0.202]	0.339	1.28	0.937	0%
Implementation method	9367	10			0.15	0.700
Stand-alone	475	4	0.113 [−0.062; 0.287]	0.206	0.64	0.888	0%
Multi-component	8892	6	0.077 [0.036; 0.119]	<.001	1.40	0.925	0%

n=combined sample size; k=number of studies; Hedges’ g (random effects); CI= confidence Interval; Q= homogeneity statistic (mixed effects); I²=Inconsistency, a second measure of heterogeneity; NA: not applicable