Table 1.

Intended roles of supervisors and village leaders, adapted from programme documents [29]

	Facility supervisors	MOHSW district, regional, national teams + MAISHA	Village leaders
Location	At the facility where the CHW supervisor was based (PHC or dispensary)	PHC	PHC and village
Frequency	Monthly	Quarterly	Quarterly (as part of district/regional supervision) + other ongoing informal supervision within the village
Key responsibilities	▪ Maintain a record of CHWs working in the catchment area	▪ Develop supervision standards and tools, in collaboration with key stakeholders	▪ Enable community sensitization, mobilization, and organization
	▪ Develop a monthly supervision plan	▪ Train CHWs and CHW supervisors	▪ Strengthen village health committees
	▪ Provide technical support to CHWs to facilitate community mapping and household census	▪ Provide CHW working tools and stipends	▪ Participate in selection of CHWs
	▪ Coordinate and collaborate with village government, district-level staff, and partners and develop an inventory of stakeholders within the service area	▪ Conduct quarterly meetings to discuss implementation of planned activities by CHWs, provide technical support accordingly	▪ Develop a mechanism for supporting CHWs including motivation and retention
	▪ Provide support for CHWs in planning monthly activities	▪ Collect data from facility supervisors, compile data within quarterly reports	▪ In collaboration with CHWs, organize health promotion activities in the community
	▪ Provide support to CHWs in the process of conducting household visits and other community MNCH health promotion activities	▪ Facilitate alignment or inclusion of CHW activities in Council Comprehensive Health Plans (district)	▪ Identify and discourage risky behaviours
	▪ Conduct monthly meetings to discuss implementation of planned activities by CHWs and provide technical support accordingly	▪ Facilitate availability of essential commodities and supplies	▪ Promote and support early attendance at ANC, birth preparedness, and importance of facility delivery and follow-up after delivery
	▪ Collect data from CHWs in the catchment area, compile data within monthly reports	▪ Facilitate care-seeking and provision of transport for referral	▪ Implement community management information system
	▪ Manage referrals made by CHWs to health facilities		▪ Support immunization services
	▪ Collaborate with village government in selecting CHWs		▪ Ensure registration of pregnancies, births, and deaths
			▪ Provide support for referrals to health facilities in case of emergencies
			▪ Plan and implement village health days