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. 2015 Apr 11;8:63. doi: 10.1186/s13068-015-0244-9

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© Feldman et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Scheme for the enzymatic degradation of HMF by P. ostreatus. HMF is metabolized extracellularly by AAO to FDCA, which generates H₂O₂. These reactions probably involve an intermediate conversion of HMF to HMF acid and further conversion to unknown products. When HMF enters the cell, it is reduced by AAD with NADPH as a co-factor and metabolized to HMF alcohol. HMF alcohol can be secreted and accumulates extracellularly.