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. 2015 Mar 7;9:12. doi: 10.1186/s12918-015-0149-z

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Raup morphospace coordinates. Ammonoid shell morphology can be described by three dimensionless geometrical parameters: W, the whorl expansion rate, is defined by a/b in the figure. D, the internal to external shell ratio, is x/a. S, the opening shape parameter, is y/z. The shell diameter can also be related to the parameters in this figure as shown.