Table 1.
Neonatal characteristics of the study sample
| Characteristic | Female | Male | Combined | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Birth weight (g) | 3399 | 450 | 3521 | 430 | 3463 | 440 |
| Head circumference (mm) | 348 | 12 | 355 | 12 | 352 | 12 |
| Biparietal diameter (mm) | 94 | 3.5 | 95 | 3.6 | 95 | 3.6 |
| Face diameter (mm) | 86 | 4.1 | 87 | 4.3 | 86 | 4.3 |
| Neck-rump length (mm) | 227 | 15 | 229 | 14 | 228 | 15 |
| Shoulders width (mm) | 157 | 9.8 | 159 | 11 | 158 | 10 |
| Hips width (mm) | 133 | 10 | 134 | 11 | 133 | 11 |
| Upper arm length (mm) | 83 | 6.6 | 85 | 6.9 | 84 | 6.8 |
| Upper arm circumference (mm) | 109 | 9.2 | 110 | 9.0 | 110 | 9.1 |
| Lower arm length (mm) | 60 | 8.2 | 62 | 7.9 | 61 | 8.1 |
| Lower arm circumference (mm) | 100 | 7.7 | 101 | 7.2 | 100 | 7.4 |
| Chest circumference (mm) | 333 | 17 | 335 | 17 | 334 | 17 |
| Abdomen circumference (mm) | 289 | 20 | 288 | 17 | 288 | 19 |
| Thigh length (mm) | 89 | 6.8 | 90 | 6.7 | 90 | 6.8 |
| Thigh circumference (mm) | 155 | 14 | 154 | 13 | 155 | 14 |
| Lower leg length (mm) | 68 | 7.9 | 70 | 8.1 | 69 | 8.0 |
| Lower leg circumference (mm) | 113 | 8.6 | 113 | 8.3 | 113 | 8.4 |
| Skinfold subscapular (mm) | 55 | 10 | 52 | 10 | 54 | 10 |
| Skinfold abdominal (mm) | 35 | 6.0 | 35 | 6.3 | 35 | 6 |
| Skinfold triceps (mm) | 50 | 9.1 | 49 | 8.8 | 49 | 9.0 |
| Skinfold anterior thigh (mm) | 67 | 14 | 63 | 14 | 65 | 14 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 40 | 1.2 | 40 | 1.3 | 40 | 1.2 |