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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Proteins. 2015 Feb 28;83(4):599–611. doi: 10.1002/prot.24772

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Electrostatic potentials in the binding tunnels of ALDH enzymes; the entrances to each tunnel have been circled in black and the substrates have been shown in the upper right corner of each panel. A) ALDH11 (1EUH) has a positive potential and binds a negative substrate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. B) ALDH2 (4KWF) has a relatively neutral binding tunnel and binds the neutral substrate, acetaldehyde. C) ALDH9 (2WME) has a negatively charged binding tunnel and binds the substrate, betaine aldehyde, which is positively charged.