Table 1.
Cohort characteristics of 211 Mexican-American mother-child pairs from the CHAMACHOS cohort, 1999-2000.
| Characteristic | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | ||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 2 | 1.0 |
| Normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) | 81 | 38.4 |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2) | 85 | 40.3 |
| Obese (≥30.0 kg/m2) | 43 | 20.4 |
| Years in the U.S. | ||
| ≤ 5 years | 109 | 51.7 |
| > 5 years | 102 | 48.3 |
| Maternal education | ||
| ≤ 6th grade | 97 | 46.0 |
| 7-12th grade | 68 | 32.2 |
| ≥ high school graduate | 46 | 21.8 |
|
At or below the poverty line
Parity |
135 | 64.0 |
| 0 | 67 | 31.8 |
| 1 | 67 | 31.8 |
| 2 | 50 | 23.7 |
| 3+ | 27 | 12.8 |
| Smoked during pregnancy | 8 | 3.8 |
|
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption prior to the glucose test (n= 208) |
||
| <1 per day | 43 | 20.7 |
| 1 per day | 61 | 29.3 |
| 2 per day | 44 | 21.2 |
| 3 per day | 37 | 17.8 |
| 4+ per day | 23 | 11.1 |
| Maternal age at delivery | ||
| 18-24 years | 94 | 44.6 |
| 25-29 years | 77 | 36.5 |
| 30-34 years | 24 | 11.4 |
| 35-45 years | 16 | 7.6 |
| Child’s sex | ||
| Boys | 99 | 46.9 |
| Girls | 112 | 53.1 |
| Child’s BMI z-score ≥ 95%* (n= 210) | 79 | 37.6 |
| Non-fasting cholesterol ≥ 75%a (186 mg/dl; n= 174) | 44 | 25.3 |
| Non-fasting triglycerides ≥ 75%a (160 mg/dl; n= 174) | 44 | 25.3 |
| Waist Circumference ≥ 75% a | ||
| Boys (71.5 cm; n= 98) | 24 | 24.5 |
| Girls (75.3 cm; n= 112) | 28 | 25.0 |
| Waist Circumference ≥ 75% b | ||
| Boys (63.4 cm; n= 98) | 50 | 51.0 |
| Girls (63.0 cm; n= 112) | 62 | 55.4 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure ≥ 75%a (56.5 mmHg; n= 189) | 48 | 25.4 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure≥ 75%a (101 mmHg; n= 189) | 56 | 29.6 |
| Child’s sugar-sweetened beverage consumption | ||
| <1 per day | 57 | 27.0 |
| 1 per day | 76 | 36.0 |
| 2 per day | 11 | 5.3 |
| 3 per day | 34 | 16.1 |
| 4+ per day | 33 | 15.6 |
| Child’s average TV watching | ||
| <1 hour per day | 41 | 19.4 |
| 1-2 hours per day | 61 | 28.9 |
| >2 hours per day | 109 | 51.7 |
| mean | SD | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Glucose screening value (mmol/L) | 5.9 | 1.5 |
| Gestational age at screening test (weeks) | 26.3 | 1.1 |
|
Gestational age at soda consumption assessment (n= 201; weeks) |
26.7 | 2.0 |
| Gestational weight gained prior to the glucose test (kg) | 4.9 | 4.2 |
| Gestational age at weight measurement (weeks) | 22.1 | 5.5 |
| Infant Birthweight (kg) | 3.5 | 0.4 |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 39.2 | 1.2 |
| Child’s absolute age at 7 year follow-up visit (months) | 85.1 | 2.4 |
*
BMI z-score calculated from sex-specific, BMI-for-age cut points issued by the CDC (National Center for Health Statistics. CDC growth charts. 2005. United States.)
a
Based on the study cohort distribution
b
Based on a nationally representative sample of 7 year old Mexican-American children