Table 1. Characteristics of the MESA Cohort according to baseline Smoking Status.
| Never | Former | Current | P-Value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=3218, 47% | N=2607, 39% | N=971, 14% | ||
| Male, number (%) | 1,161 (36) | 1,527 (59) | 517 (53) | <0.001 |
| Age | 62.2 (10.5) | 63.4 (9.9) | 58.4 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White, number (%) | 1,099 (34) | 1,182 (45) | 335 (35) | <0.001 |
| African-American, number (%) | 788 (25) | 728 (28) | 366 (38) | |
| Chinese-American, number (%) | 577 (18) | 173 (7) | 52 (5) | |
| Hispanic, number (%) | 754 (23) | 524 (20) | 218 (22) | |
| Bachelor's degree or higher, number (%) | 1,188 (37) | 974 (37) | 231 (24) | <0.001 |
| Family History of MI, number (%) | 1,220 (38) | 1,090 (42) | 418 (43) | 0.002 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 127.0 (±21.9) | 127.1 (±20.9) | 123.7 (±21.4) | <0.001 |
| History of Hypertension, number (%) | 1,448 (45) | 1,233 (47) | 365 (38) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension Medication, number (%) | 1,208 (38) | 1,024 (39) | 294 (30) | <0.001 |
| History of Diabetes, number (%) | 390 (12) | 347 (13) | 120 (12) | 0.71 |
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) | 89 (83-99) | 91 (83-100) | 89 (82-99) | 0.01 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 195.9 (±35.1) | 192.6 (±35.1) | 192.7 (±38.8) | 0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 118.1 (±31.1) | 116.6 (±31.2) | 116.1 (±32.9) | 0.10 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 51.9 (±14.7) | 50.8 (±15.1) | 48.1 (±14.2) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) (median) | 111 (79-161) | 109 (75-157) | 118 (84-171) | <0.001 |
| Lipid Medication, number (%) | 513 (16) | 476 (18) | 111 (11) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m²) | 28.1 (±5.5) | 28.7 (±5.5) | 28.1 (±5.3) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 63.7 (±9.6) | 62.5 (±9.7) | 63.1 (±9.5) | <0.001 |
| Pack-year History, years | ---- | 21.0 (±25.2) | 29.5 (±24.6) | <0.001 |
| hsCRP, mg/L (median) | 1.78 (0.8-4.0) | 1.93 (0.8-4.2) | 2.50 (1.1-4.8) | <0.001 |
| hsCRP ≥3mg/L, number (%) | 1080 (34) | 928 (36) | 432 (45) | <0.001 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 350 (±74) | 341 (±72) | 352 (±76) | <0.001 |
| CAC=0, number (%) | 1,797 (56) | 1,113 (43) | 494 (51) | <0.001 |
| CAC >100 Agatston Units, number (%) | 615 (19) | 766 (29) | 221 (23) | <0.001 |
| CAC >75th centile†, number (%) | 673 (47) | 706 (47) | 288 (60) | <0.001 |
Values are or proportion (%), mean (±SD), or median (25th-75th),
*
P values are for differences between groups using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis testing, or Chi-square, as appropriate.
MI=Myocardial Infarction, HTN=hypertension, BP=Blood Pressure, mmHg=millimeters of mercury, LDL-C=low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C=high density lipoprotein cholesterol, BMI=body mass index, BPM=beats per minute, hsCRP=high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, CAC=Coronary Artery Calcium
†
Age and sex-based CAC percentiles are derived from the MESA population and were calculated only in those with CAC>0 at baseline (n=3392)