Table 5.
Overview of modulated processes for OPGLTT and OLTT challenge tests differing in macronutrient composition and fatty acid type
| Organ system | Process | 60 E% FAT | 70 E% CAR | SFA | MFA | PUFA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gut | Incretin production | ↑ | ||||
| Adipose tissue | Lipolysis | ↑b | ↑b | ↑ | ||
| Lipokine and adipokine production | ↓ | – | ||||
| Systemic stress response | Systemic insulin sensitivity | ↑ | ↑a | ↑ | ||
| Chronic low-grade inflammation | ↑a | – | ↑ | |||
| Metabolic flexibility | ↑ | ↑↑ | ↑↑↑ | |||
| Liver | Lipoprotein production | ↑a | – | ↑a,b | ↑b | ↑ |
| Vasculature | Vascular flexibility | ↓↓b | ↓↓b | ↓ | ||
| Adhesion | ↑ | – | ↑ | |||
| Oxylipin response | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ |
aDifferential response between healthy and sub-optimal healthy subjects
bInconsistency in literature