Table 2.
Estimated effect of treatment option on HRQOL in a multiple regression analysis
| Main analysis | Analysis with separation of different RT treatment groups 1 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radical prostatectomy | Radiotherapy | Wald test | Radiotherapy | Wald test | |||||||||
| Ref. | Nerve-sparing | Total | Brachytherapy | Combined (External/brachytherapy) | External | ||||||||
| b | b | 95%-CI | b | 95%-CI | p-value | b | 95%-CI | b | 95%-CI | b | 95%-CI | p-value | |
| QLQ-C30 | |||||||||||||
| Functioning scales | |||||||||||||
| Global health status | 0 | 2.9 | (−0.6, 6.4) | −2.0 | (−5.9, 2.0) | 0.098 | −1.0 | (−6.2, 4.2) | −2.2 | (−8.4, 3.9) | −4.4 | (−9.9, 1.2) | 0.120 |
| Physical functioning | 0 | 1.7 | (−0.6, 4.1) | −0.9 | (−4.3, 2.4) | 0.198 | −0.6 | (−5.4, 4.3) | −0.6 | (−5.2, 3.9) | −3.5 | (−8.9, 2.0) | 0.224 |
| Role functioning | 0 | 1.9 | (−1.5, 5.3) | −0.5 | (−4.8, 3.8) | 0.425 | −1.6 | (−7.9, 4.7) | 2.0 | (−4.7, 8.7) | −2.5 | (−8.8, 3.8) | 0.314 |
| Emotional functioning | 0 | 3.8 | (−0.2, 7.8) | −2.7 | (−7.3, 2.0) | 0.074 | −2.4 | (−8.7, 3.9) | 1.1 | (−6.2, 8.3) | −8.6 | (−15.2, −2.0) | 0.028 |
| Cognitive functioning | 0 | 2.5 | (−1.1, 6.2) | −1.8 | (−5.5, 1.9) | 0.170 | −0.7 | (−6.0, 4.5) | −2.2 | (−8.2, 3.8) | −2.7 | (−9.5, 4.0) | 0.277 |
| Social functioning | 0 | 1.2 | (−3.7, 6.1) | 0.1 | (−5.4, 5.5) | 0.650 | −0.7 | (−7.9, 6.5) | 3.0 | (−5.1, 11.1) | −5.7 | (−14.3, 3.0) | 0.287 |
| Symptom scales | |||||||||||||
| Fatigue | 0 | −3.6 | (−7.8, 0.5) | 0.4 | (−4.6, 5.3) | 0.173 | 0.1 | (−6.6, 6.8) | −1.6 | (−9.1, 5.9) | 5.4 | (−2.0, 12.9) | 0.174 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 0 | −0.5 | (−1.6, 0.6) | 1.1 | (−0.5, 2.7) | 0.100 | 2.1 | (0.1, 4.1) | −0.5 | (−2.2, 1.2) | 0.6 | (−1.8, 2.9) | 0.091 |
| Pain | 0 | 0.5 | (−3.5, 4.5) | 2.7 | (−2.2, 7.5) | 0.477 | 3.6 | (−3.3, 10.5) | 0.1 | (−7.2, 7.3) | 3.4 | (−4.8, 11.6) | 0.601 |
| Dyspnoea | 0 | 1.4 | (−2.1, 4.8) | 3.5 | (−0.8, 7.8) | 0.177 | 0.1 | (−5.6, 5.8) | 6.8 | (−0.5, 14.1) | 4.8 | (−1.5, 11.0 | 0.122 |
| Insomnia | 0 | 0.1 | (−4.7, 5.0) | 3.2 | (−2.5, 8.9) | 0.451 | 4.3 | (−2.9, 11.5) | 4.0 | (−4.7, 12.7) | 6.4 | (−2.8, 15.6) | 0.291 |
| Appetite loss | 0 | −0.1 | (−2.3, 2.1) | 1.5 | (−1.7, 4.7) | 0.317 | 1.5 | (−1.8, 4.8) | 1.0 | (−3.7, 5.6) | 3.1 | (−1.5, 7.6) | 0.276 |
| Constipation | 0 | −1.2 | (−5.3, 3.0) | 0.4 | (−4.1, 4.9) | 0.542 | 1.7 | (−4.2, 7.5) | −0.9 | (−8.4, 6.5) | 3.2 | (−5.5, 12.0) | 0.362 |
| Diarrhoea | 0 | −0.9 | (−4.4, 2.6) | 7.0 | (2.5, 11.6) | 0.006 | 7.8 | (1.0, 14.5) | 4.1 | (−3.3, 11.4) | 4.2 | (−3.6, 12.0) | 0.048 |
| Financial difficulties | 0 | −3.1 | (−7.0, 0.8) | −0.2 | (−4.7, 4.3) | 0.257 | −2.7 | (−9.1, 3.7) | −0.5 | (−8.8, 7.7) | 4.9 | (−4.0, 13.8) | 0.216 |
| PORPUS | |||||||||||||
| PORPUS-P | 0 | 2.3 | (0.1, 4.6) | 2.2 | (−0.6, 5.0) | 0.045 | 2.2 | (−1.6, 6.1) | 3.3 | (−0.6, 7.2) | 1.4 | (−3.0, 5.7) | 0.119 |
Ref = Non-nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy as reference level.
Bold values indicate significance at the 5%-level.
1As the regression coefficients of the radical prostatectomy group did not change much, only the regression coefficients of the radiotherapy subgroups with their confidence intervals and the Wald test p-values are reported.
Both analyses are adjusted for baseline HRQOL, age, having a partner (yes/no), highest education level (no graduation, 8–9 years (‘Hauptschulabschluss’), 10–11 years (‘Realschulabschluss’), >= 12 years high school (‘(Fach-)Abitur’)), working (yes/no), residence (rural/urban), tumour stage (T-category of the TNM-classification), pre-therapeutic Gleason score, pre-therapeutic PSA score, and sexual functioning at baseline (IIEF total scale).