Table 2.
Hyperglycemia Adjusted |
Severe hyperglycemia Adjusted |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | |
Gender | |||||
Male | 67 | 26 (39) | 1 | 17 (25) | 1 |
Female | 124 | 50 (40) | 1.4 (0.70–2.7) | 31 (25) | 1.3 (0.60–2.6) |
Age a | 1.0 (0.99–1.1) | 1.0 (0.97–1.1) | |||
< 55 years | 20 | 5 (25) | 1 | 4 (20) | 1 |
55–64 years | 68 | 20 (29) | 0.7 (0.22–2.5) | 10 (15) | 0.4 (0.11–1.6) |
65–74 years | 72 | 32 (44) | 1.0 (0.79–7.3) | 20 (28) | 0.7 (0.18–2.7) |
≥ 75 years | 31 | 19 (61) | 1.7 (0.42–6.7) | 14 (45) | 1.2 (0.28–5.5) |
ASA risk score | |||||
I | 16 | 1 (6) | 1 | 1 (6) | 1 |
II | 92 | 27 (29) | 5.0 (0.61–41) | 15 (16) | 2.6 (0.31–22) |
III | 82 | 48 (59) | 15 (1.8–125) | 32 (39) | 8.0 (0.93–69) |
IV | 1 | 0 (0) | - | 0 (0) | - |
Body mass index, kg/m2 a | 1.0 (0.94–1.1) | 1.0 (0.95–1.1) | |||
< 25.0 | 28 | 12 (43) | 1 | 9 (32) | 1 |
25.0–29.9 | 71 | 27 (38) | 1.0 (0.37–2.5) | 11 (16) | 0.4 (0.14–1.2) |
30.0–34.9 | 60 | 24 (40) | 1.0 (0.36–2.6) | 19 (32) | 1.1 (0.39–3.0) |
35.0–39.9 | 20 | 8 (40) | 1.0 (0.28–3.7) | 6 (30) | 1.0 (0.26–3.9) |
≥ 40.0 | 12 | 5 (42) | 0.8 (0.19–3.8) | 3 (25) | 0.6 (0.12–3.3) |
State of glucose metabolism | |||||
Normal | 91 | 20 (22) | 1 | 10 (11) | 1 |
IFG and/or IGT | 47 | 17 (36) | 1.8 (0.79–4.1) | 7 (15) | 1.4 (0.48–4.2) |
Newly diagnosed diabetes | 17 | 8 (47) | 2.4 (0.79–7.5) | 3 (18) | 1.5 (0.34–6.1) |
Previously diagnosed diabetes | 36 | 31 (86) | 18 (5.7–59) | 28 (78) | 29 (9.1–97) |
Metabolic syndrome | |||||
Without | 106 | 31 (29) | 1 | 18 (17) | 1 |
With | 85 | 45 (53) | 2.2 (1.1–4.2) | 30 (35) | 2.1 (1.03–4.4) |
Smoking | |||||
No | 169 | 67 (40) | 1 | 42 (25) | 1 |
Yes | 22 | 9 (41) | 1.59 (0.52–4.83) | 6 (27) | 1.6 (0.52–4.8) |
Preoperative anemia | |||||
Without | 181 | 69 (38) | 1 | 44 (24) | 1 |
With | 10 | 7 (70) | 3.9 (0.91–17) | 4 (40) | 2.0 (0.50–8.1) |
Renal function | |||||
Normal | 100 | 39 (39) | 1 | 26 (26) | 1 |
Mild insufficiency | 74 | 29 (39) | 0.6 (0.28–1.2) | 15 (20) | 0.5 (0.22–1.2) |
Moderate insufficiency | 17 | 8 (47) | 0.5 (0.12–1.6) | 7 (41) | 1.0 (0.27–3.7) |
Operation-related data | |||||
Laterality | |||||
Unilateral | 170 | 72 (42) | 1 | 45 (27) | 1 |
Bilateral | 21 | 4 (19) | 0.5 (0.14–1.5) | 3 (14) | 0.7 (0.17–2.5) |
Time of induction of anesthesia | |||||
Before 10 am | 95 | 41 (43) | 1 | 25 (26) | 1 |
After 10 am | 96 | 35 (37) | 0.7 (0.40–1.4) | 23 (24) | 0.9 (0.43–1.7) |
Duration of surgery × 10 min a | 191 | 0.95 (0.86–1.1) | 1.03 (0.92–1.2) | ||
Blood loss × 100 mL a | 191 | 1.0 (0.88–1.1) | 1.0 (0.90–1.2) | ||
Tourniquet time × 10 min (incl. knees only) a | 117 | 1.0 (0.84–1.2) | 1.2 (0.99–1.5) | ||
Cement used for fixationb | |||||
None | 83 | 36 (43) | 1 | 21 (25) | 1 |
Any | 108 | 40 (37) | 0.8 (0.37–1.6) | 27 (25) | 1.3 (0.56–2.9) |
Blood transfusion | |||||
None | 167 | 63 (38) | 1 | 38 (23) | 1 |
Any | 24 | 13 (54) | 1.3 (0.48–3.3) | 10 (42) | 1.8 (0.66–4.7) |
Closed suction drains | |||||
None | 77 | 31 (40) | 1 | 21 (27) | 1 |
Any | 114 | 45 (40) | 2.0 (0.67–5.8) | 27 (24) | 1.4 (0.44–4.2) |
Continuous
Fully cementless vs. fully cemented and hybrid joint replacements.
ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; IFG: increased fasting glucose;
IGT: impaired glucose tolerance.