Table 2.
Results of hierarchical regression analysis on frailty.
| Determinants | Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 5 |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | 95%CI | r | b | 95%CI | r | b | 95%CI | r | b | 95%CI | r | b | 95%CI | r | |
| Age | |||||||||||||||
| Linear effect | 0.02 | -0.04; 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.02 | -0.03; 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | -0.01; 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.04 | -0.01; 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.04 | -0.01; 0.09 | 0.07 |
| Quadratic effect | -0.01** | -0.02; 0.00 | 0.16 | -0.01* | -0.01; 0.00 | -0.13 | -0.01* | -0.01; 0.00 | -0.10 | -0.01 | -0.01; 0.00 | -0.08 | 0.00 | -0.01; 0.00 | -0.07 |
| Sex (women vs. men) | 1.41** | 0.46; 2.35 | 0.17 | 1.25** | 0.43; 2.06 | 0.16 | 0.95* | 0.17; 1.74 | 0.11 | 1.03** | 0.26; 1.80 | 0.12 | 0.84* | 0.04; 1.64 | 0.09 |
| Education | -0.11 | -0.24; 0.01 | -0.10 | -0.09 | -0.20; 0.02 | -0.09 | -0.06 | -0.16; 0.04 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.14; 0.07 | -0.03 | -0.06 | -0.16; 0.05 | -0.05 |
| Monthly household income | -0.43** | -0.71; -0.15 | -0.18 | -0.35** | -0.59; -0.11 | -0.15 | -0.31** | -0.54; -0.08 | -0.13 | -0.32** | -0.55; -0.10 | -0.13 | -0.29* | -0.52; -0.07 | -0.12 |
| Life events | |||||||||||||||
| Death of a loved one | 1.15* | 0.15; 2.14 | 0.13 | 1.01* | 0.16; 1.86 | 0.12 | 1.08** | 0.27; 1.90 | 0.13 | 1.05** | 0.26; 1.85 | 0.12 | 0.94* | 0.14; 1.74 | 0.10 |
| Serious illness in a loved one | 0.30 | -0.61; 1.22 | 0.04 | 0.20 | -0.58; 0.99 | 0.03 | 0.15 | -0.60; 0.89 | 0.02 | 0.07 | -0.66; 0.80 | 0.01 | 0.21 | -0.51; 0.043 | 0.03 |
| Crime | 0.25 | -1.49; 2.00 | 0.02 | 0.31 | -1.18; 1.80 | 0.02 | 0.06 | -1.36; 1.48 | 0.00 | -0.02 | -1.41; 1.37 | -0.00 | -0.24 | -1.62; 1.13 | -0.02 |
| Lifestyle | 1.73*** | 1.18; 2.28 | 0.31 | 1.48*** | 0.95; 2.01 | 0.26 | 1.41*** | 0.90; 1.93 | 0.25 | 1.41*** | 0.89; 1.92 | 0.24 | |||
| Satisfaction living environment | -2.35*** | -3.22; -1.49 | -0.27 | -1.96*** | -2.80; -1.12 | -0.22 | -2.01*** | -2.83; -1.19 | -0.22 | -2.01*** | -2.84; -1.19 | -0.22 | |||
| Self-reported comorbidity | 1.82*** | 1.11; 2.52 | 0.24 | 1.39*** | 0.66; 2.12 | 0.17 | 1.66*** | 0.91; 2.41 | 0.20 | ||||||
| Amount of drugs | 0.20*** | 0.08; 0.31 | 0.16 | 0.17 | -0.02; 0.37 | 0.08 | |||||||||
| Types of medication | |||||||||||||||
| Cardiovascular system | -1.18* | -2.11; -0.25 | -0.11 | ||||||||||||
| Nervous system | 0.53 | -0.21; 1.27 | 0.06 | ||||||||||||
| Metabolism | 0.54 | -0.26; 1.34 | 0.06 | ||||||||||||
| Musculoskeletal system | 0.44 | -0.37; 1.25 | 0.05 | ||||||||||||
| Digestive system | -0.13 | -0.91; 0.65 | -0.01 | ||||||||||||
| Blood and blood forming organs | 0.82* | 0.08; 1.55 | 0.10 | ||||||||||||
| Respiratory system | -0.45 | -1.52; 0.61 | -0.04 | ||||||||||||
| Genitourinary system | -0.89 | -2.23; 0.45 | -0.06 | ||||||||||||
| Endocrine system | -0.07 | -1.26; 1.13 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||
| ΔR2 (%; p-value) | 17.2*** | 22.9*** | 5.9*** | 2.5*** | 4.2* | ||||||||||
Regression coefficient (b), semi-partial correlation coefficient (r) and p-value for each determinant, and coefficient of determination change (ΔR2) and p-value for each model. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.