. 2015 Apr 21;10(4):e0123251. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123251

Table 4. Changes in cognitive functions between the traditional and the robot group.

	Traditional (n = 23)				Robot (n = 20)				P value for group	R^2
	Baseline	Post-Intervention	Delta (Post-Pre)	P value for delta	Baseline	Post-intervention	Delta (Post-Pre)	P value for delta	P value for group	R^2
ADAS-Cog ^a	7.5 ± 3.5	4.6± 2.6	-2.9 ± 2.3	<0.001	6.8 ± 3.8	5.7 ± 2.9	-0.9 ± 2.8	0.157	0.014^*	0.234
Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery
*Memory*
Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS)
Correct response (%)	74.6 ± 10.0	76.4 ± 15.2	2.5 ± 15.6	0.440	71.1 ± 15.8	78.0 ± 13.1	7.3 ± 16.4	0.045	0.093	0.052
DMS errors ^a	0.2 ± 0.2	0.1 ± 0.2	-0.0 ± 0.2	0.537	0.2 ± 0.2	0.1 ± 0.2	- 0.1 ± 0.2	0.149	0.337	0.057
Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM)
Correct response (%)	85.4 ± 18.9	94.8 ± 5.8	9.4 ± 18.5	0.021	89.3 ± 9.3	90.0 ± 10.7	0.7± 7.2	0.633	0.017^*	0.174
Paired Associate Learning (PAL)
Total errors(adjusted) ^a	28.7 ± 21.1	22.4 ± 12.2	-6.3 ± 18.7	0.115	34.4 ± 21.3	25.7 ± 18.3	-8.6 ± 18.0	0.032	0.942	0.109
*Attention*
Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP)	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.1	0.065	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.0 ± 0.0	0.007	0.904	0.177
Reaction Time (RTI) ^a	344.0 ± 69.2	348.8 ± 74.2	-3.9 ± 55.8	0.732	335.0 ± 59.2	327.3 ± 38.5	-9.4± 56.2	0.441	0.807	0.065
*Executive Function*
Spatial Working Memory (SWM)
Between errors ^a	52.0 ± 22.1	47.0 ± 21.4	-5.0 ± 24.0	<0.001	49.0 ± 21.4	44.6 ± 27.7	-4.4 ± 23.2	<0.001	0.906	0.093
Strategy ^a	38.5 ± 4.4	36.7 ± 3.3	-1.8 ± 4.2	<0.001	37.9 ± 4.0	37.4 ± 3.8	-0.5 ± 5.1	<0.001	0.302	0.056
Stocking of Cambridge (SOC)
Problems solved	6.7 ± 1.5	7.3 ± 1.6	0.5 ± 2.2	0.245	6.4 ± 1.7	7.7 ± 1.6	1.4 ± 2.0	0.003	0.230	0.080

* P value < 0.05 adjusted by age, gender and education,

^aLower scores represent better performance.