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. 2015 Apr 21;11(4):e1004810. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004810

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© 2015 Berngruber et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Fig 5 — A 1:1 mixture of temperate λ and its virulent mutant λcI857 was used to seed spatial epidemics. Spatial structure was disturbed to different degree (undisturbed, 30s, 24h, 24h-wet) and transferred onto a fresh biofilm of susceptible hosts for 3 consecutive days. Disturbance of the epidemic structure has a strong effect on the competitive fitness of the virulent λcI857. The undisturbed environment strongly selects against virulence whereas in a well-mixed environment (24h-wet) virulence is beneficial. As expected, intermediate levels of mixing (30s, 24h) lead to intermediate fitness of λcI857. Symbols represent 6 replications for each mixing treatment (with 3 independent replicates for each marker-mutant combination).