Figure 2.

Fructose is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract by the glucose transporter type-5 (GLUT-5) transporter. Glucose is transported into cells by GLUT-4, an insulin-dependent transport system. Fructose is almost entirely cleared by the liver (the circulating concentration is ~0.01 mmol/L in peripheral blood, compared with 5.5 mmol/L for glucose). Hepatic metabolism of fructose induces de novo lipogenesis. Fructose phosphorylation in the liver consumes ATP, consequently the accumulated ADP serves as substrate for uric acid formation.