Table 2.

Demographic characteristics

	Prenatal survey	Postnatal survey	p value
Relation to baby
Mother	3,167 (96 %)	1,311 (91 %)	< 0.001
Other	123 (4 %)	133 (9 %)
Maternal race
Caucasian	1,395 (47 %)	621 (47 %)	< 0.001
African American	1,228 (42 %)	496 (37 %)
American Indian/Alaska native	75 (3 %)	53 (4 %)
Asian	42 (1 %)	33 (2 %)
Mixed/Other	218 (7 %)	128 (10 %)
Maternal ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	2,518 (78 %)	1,169 (82 %)	< 0.01
Hispanic	706 (22 %)	259 (18 %)
Maternal age (median)	25	25	0.52
Maternal education
Did not finish high school	744 (23 %)	400 (28 %)	0.001
High school diploma/GED	1,206 (37 %)	498 (35 %)
Some college, technical or vocational school	970 (30 %)	410 (28 %)
Technical school graduate	257 (8 %)	51 (4 %)
4-year college graduate	46 (2 %)	47 (3 %)
Post-graduate or professional training	0 (0 %)	30 (2 %)
Maternal smoker
No	2,425 (75 %)	1,007 (70 %)	< 0.01
Yes	828 (25 %)	421 (30 %)
Maternal depression
No	2,421 (75 %)	993 (69 %)	< 0.001
Yes	780 (24 %)	388 (27 %)
Don’t know	38 (1 %)	56 (4 %)
Paternal race
Caucasian	1,195 (42 %)	556 (43 %)	< 0.001
African American	1,401 (49 %)	572 (44 %)
American Indian/Alaska native	66 (2 %)	42 (3 %)
Asian	39 (1 %)	20 (2 %)
Mixed/Other	166 (6 %)	101 (8 %)
Paternal ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	2,438 (76 %)	1,101 (79 %)	< 0.05
Hispanic	764 (24 %)	286 (21 %)
Paternal education
Did not finish high school	849 (28 %)	408 (30 %)	< 0.001
High school diploma/GED	1,364 (44 %)	585 (43 %)
Some college, technical or vocational school	603 (20 %)	252 (19 %)
Technical school graduate	229 (7 %)	40 (3 %)
4-year college graduate	36 (1 %)	55 (4 %)
Post-graduate or professional training	0 (0 %)	14 (1 %)

Demographic data were not collected for the follow-up and home visit surveys