Table 2.

Characteristics of three patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and multiple myeloma (MM) or smoldering MM

	Patient 1	Patient 2	Patient 3a
Clinical
Sex	Male	Male	Male
Pulmonary function testing
FEV1, %	70	104	76
FEV1/FVC	93.5	88.4	84.8
DLCO, %	36	67	56
Index echocardiogram
Ejection fraction, %	65	65	64
e′, m/s	0.09	0.07	ND
Medial E/e′	18.0	7.1	ND
E∶A ratio	1.8	1.0	ND
Left atrial volume index, cc/m2	53	38	ND
Estimated RA pressure, mmHg	20	20	14
Estimated RVSP, mmHg	84	105	106
Right ventricular enlargement	Moderate/severe	Moderate/severe	Severe
Right ventricular systolic dysfunction	Moderate/severe	Moderate/severe	Moderate
Right ventricular strain, mean, %	ND	ND	−12
TV lateral annulus systolic velocity, m/s	0.10	0.10	ND
Pulmonary acceleration time, ms	ND	ND	ND
Most recent follow-up echocardiogram
Estimated RA pressure, mmHg	5	5	5
Estimated RVSP, mmHg	36	41	32
Right ventricular enlargement	Mild	Mild	Normal
Right ventricular systolic dysfunction	Normal	Normal	Normal
Right ventricular strain, mean, %	−23	−25	ND
TAPSE, mm	17	19	ND
TV lateral annulus systolic velocity, m/s	0.14	0.13	0.14
Cardiac index, L/min/m2	2.72	2.71	5.33
Right heart catheterization
RA pressure, mmHg	15	6	13
RVSP, mmHg	70	87	79
mPAP, mmHg	40	53	52
PCWP, mmHg	10	10	6
PVR, Wood units	4.72	4.40	4.03
Vasodilator reversibility	Negative	Negative	Negative

^NoteFEV₁, forced expiratory volume in first second of expiration; FVC: forced vital capacity; DLCO: diffusion capacity; ND: not done; RA: right atrial; RVSP: right ventricular systolic pressure; TV: tricuspid valve; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; mPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance.

^aCase previously published by Yaqub et al.⁹